Therapeutic Recreation

Remedial Recreation is the intentional usage or upgrade of relaxation as an approach to boost a person’s in general wellbeing, prosperity, or personal satisfaction. Restorative Recreation programs for psychological maladjustment may have occasional classes in numerous territories that may incorporate exercise, swim, adjusted karate and specialties. Remedial amusement programs are explicitly intended for people with incapacities. Gatherings are generally little and the member to staff proportion is fitting to the requirements of the group.The exercises are intended to meet the enthusiasm of the members and can be individualized. In various networks there are various things for individuals with psychological maladjustment to do. In some network they even have occupations individuals can do to get them back in the network and working. Lamar Missouri has bunches of projects that put individuals that have psychological maladjustment in employments. I have even conversed with the di rector for Mc Donald and he has given something to do individuals with psychological instability and he said to me they are the best dam laborers I think I have.Even in Pittsburg Kansas they have projects to place customers into the work spot and let them bring in some cash. A few people see working in the public arena are employments however the customers consider it to be an approach to escape the house and they appreciate it to a degree I would state it is entertainment. Some broad diversion projects might be adjusted to incorporate an individual with an incapacity utilizing helper helps and administrations, yet the structure of the action, bunch size and staff remains the same.Making it somewhat harder on the staff and the staff can't give balanced help or concentrated help to a degree. A few spots there are projects and exercises that can suit all ages, interests, and ability levels. Exercises incorporate swimming classes, create classes, trips, camps, children’s program s, uncommon occasions, and fluctuated contributions each season. One program I was finding out about was moving. It is for a long time 15 and up with psychological maladjustment. You move to a universe of cadence and take part in fun loving musical development for wellness and coordination.Includes line moves, circle moves, society moves. Planned particularly for teenagers, and grown-ups with formative incapacities, that one was for an individual with higher capacity. There are programs an individual with lower working can move to too. You can take that program and change a little and make it for any one or any age without any problem. The program I was perusing made individuals pay for the projects yet with some more changes and a few backers it could be all free. A few spots they have ides encourage the people with psychological sickness into programs at their local amusement places, guaranteeing that urban communities and parks and diversion programs are available and usable by a ll residents. Consideration assistants lead appraisals, create objectives for investment, and offer fundamental help, including expanded management levels, adjusting games and exercises and preparing of amusement focus staff, to guarantee that the requirements of the individual with handicaps are being met.Volunteers are a significant piece of the remedial diversion administrations program. In numerous regions there are an assortment of volunteer open doors are accessible for those ages thirteen and up including understudies requiring administration hours. I don’t know whether the program is around there yet however there is a program Specialized Recreational Program Parenting with affection and rationale. This program is for guardians, and instructors it is an easy to understand and regularly exceptionally effective program that is intensely enclosed by sympathy yet soles not shield kids from outcomes of their actions.It enables youngsters to take care of their issues and as sist guardians with changing their practices to alleviate pressure and weight. Obviously nothing works constantly, however this recounted program and the skill of your moderator will, in a safe and nonthreatening condition, welcome you to change the main individual you can change, yourself. I believe that program would be extraordinary for parent that don’t truly realize how to manage their youngsters or even the ones that figure they do regardless of whether it don’t work it despite everything gave them somewhat more information. It will give them another point of view toward how to show their kid. Helpful Recreation Helpful amusement is a treatment administration intended to reestablish, remediate and restore a person’s level of working and autonomy throughout everyday life. As per WHO-The world wellbeing association, wellbeing advancement is the way toward empowering individuals to expand authority over, and to improve their wellbeing. Wellbeing advancement speaks to a complete social and political procedure, it not just grasps activities coordinated at reinforcing the abilities and capacities of people yet in addition the activity coordinated towards changing the social, natural and financial conditions. The Ottawa Charter distinguishes three fundamental methodologies for wellbeing advancement. These advocacy’s for wellbeing to make the basic conditions for wellbeing demonstrated above empowering all individuals to accomplish their maximum capacity, and intervening between the various interests in the public eye in the quest for wellbeing. So as to advance sound ways of life in a populace or an individual various models have been made. For this investigation both the Leisure Ability Model and the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model are being taken a gander at and looked at. The first of these models being taken a gander at is the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model. This model, made by Austin 1991, considers the to be of remedial amusement as encouraging the customer to recuperate following a danger to wellbeing, for example, chronic drug use, liquor dependence, mental confusion and so forth, otherwise called wellbeing insurance, and to accomplish ideal wellbeing through wellbeing advancement. Henceforth consequently this models boss point is â€Å"to use movement, entertainment or relaxation to help individuals to manage issues that fill in as obstructions to wellbeing and help them to take a stab at their most significant levels of wellness†, (Austin, 1997). There are four significant ideas that underlie the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model (HPHPM). These are the Humanistic Perspective, High-level Wellness, The Stabilization and Actualisation Tendencies and Health. Humanistic Perspective-Those who grasp the humanistic point of view accept that every one of us has the duty regarding his/her own wellbeing and the limit with respect to settling on self-coordinated astute decisions about our own individual wellbeing status. Since an individual is liable for their own wellbeing it is essential to urge people to get associated with dynamic and to accumulate greatest information to improve their wellbeing. Austin energizes that the populace are â€Å"active members on the planet, instead of detached manikins constrained by the environment†. The humanistic point of view centers around the positive picture of being human. Human instinct is seen as essentially great, and humanistic scholars center around techniques that permit satisfaction of an individual’s potential. Elevated Level Wellness-The term significant level health was first authored by Dr. Halbert Dunn in his book in 1961, he characterized it as â€Å"†¦an coordinated technique for working which is arranged toward expanding the capability of which the individual is capable†. Dunn’s idea of significant level wellbeing is, similar to the humanistic point of view is a comprehensive methodology that goes past the nonattendance of physical ailment to incorporate both mental and ecological health. Thus Austin deduces that significant level wellbeing goes past conventional medication and toward helping individuals to accomplish as high a degree of health as they are fit for accomplishing. Austin further proceeds to look at the similitudes between elevated level health and restorative entertainment as both have been vigorously impacted by the humanistic point of view. Adjustment and Actualisation Tendencies-These are two persuasive powers which the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model depend on. Balancing out propensities assists with keeping up a consistent condition of a person. It takes a gander at keeping the feelings of anxiety of an individual’s life at a viable level and not to give the stressors access a person’s life to winding wild prompting wellbeing hazard conduct (HRB), henceforth consequently adjustment propensities is the main impetus behind Health Protection. The actualisation inclination drives an individual towards wellbeing advancement which centers around accomplishing an individual’s significant level of health. Wellbeing is the last basic idea of The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model. A definitive objective of this idea is to assist a customer with striving toward wellbeing advancement. Pender’s (1996) meaning of wellbeing fuses adjustment and actualisation propensities, subsequently interlinking wellbeing with the past hidden idea of the model. Consequently sound individuals can adapt to life’s stressors and urges customers to enhance their own wellbeing instead of improving their wellbeing just to recuperate structure disease. Austin (1997) accepts that the individuals who appreciate wellbeing have the chance to seek after the most significant levels of self-improvement and advancement. Having taken a gander at the hidden ideas of the model there are three wide regions of a continuum to be comprehended so as to structure a remedial entertainment program for any customer. These are: I. Prescriptive exercises: When customers at first experience ailments or scatters, regularly they become self-retained. The remedial amusement staff, at this phase of the continuum must give guidance and structure to the customer as methods for a mediation because of a sentiment of vulnerability that can at last produce serious melancholy. ii. Diversion: Through amusement, customers start to recapture their balance disturbed by stressors with the goal that they may by and by continue their mission for completion. They participate in

Aryabhata the Great Indian Mathamatician Essay Example

Aryabhata the Great Indian Mathamatician Essay Example Aryabhata the Great Indian Mathamatician Essay Aryabhata the Great Indian Mathamatician Essay Exposition Topic: Eva Luna Life story Name While there is a propensity to incorrectly spell his name as Aryabhatta by similarity with different names having the bhatta addition, his name is appropriately spelled Aryabhata: each cosmic content spells his name thus,[1] including Brahmaguptas references to him in excess of a hundred places by name. [2] Furthermore, in many cases Aryabhatta doesn't fit the meter either. [1] [edit] Birth Aryabhata makes reference to in the Aryabhatiya that it was created 3,600 years into the Kali Yuga, when he was 23 years of age. This relates to 499 CE, and suggests that he was conceived in 476 CE. Aryabhata gives no data about his place of birth. The main data originates from Bhaskara I, who depicts Aryabhata as asmakiya, one having a place with the asmaka nation. It is broadly bore witness to that, during the Buddhas time, a part of the Asmaka individuals settled in the district between the Narmada and Godavari waterways in focal India, today the South Gujaratâ€North Maharashtra locale. Aryabhata is accepted to have been conceived there. [1][3] However, early Buddhist writings portray Ashmaka as being further south, in dakshinapath or the Deccan, while different writings depict the Ashmakas as having battled Alexander, [edit] Work It is genuinely sure that, sooner or later, he went to Kusumapura for cutting edge examines and that he lived there for quite a while. [4] Both Hindu and Buddhist convention, just as Bhaskara I (CE 629), recognize Kusumapura as Pa? aliputra, current Patna. [1] A section makes reference to that Aryabhata was the leader of a foundation (kulapa) at Kusumapura, and, in light of the fact that the college of Nalanda was in Pataliputra at that point and had a galactic observatory, it is conjectured that Aryabhata may have been the leader of the Nalanda college too. 1] Aryabhata is likewise rumored to have set up an observatory at the Sun sanctuary in Taregana, Bihar. [5] [edit] Other theories It was proposed that Aryabhata may have been from Tamilnadu, yet K. V. Sarma, an expert on Keralas cosmic custom, disagreed[1] and called attention to a few mistakes in this theory. [6] Aryabhata specifies Lanka on a few events in the Aryabhatiya, however his Lanka is a reflection, representing a point on the equator at a similar longitude as his Ujjayini. [7] [edit] Works Aryabhata is the creator of a few treatises on science and cosmology, some of which are lost. His significant work, Aryabhatiya, a summary of arithmetic and space science, was broadly alluded to in the Indian scientific writing and has made due to present day times. The scientific piece of the Aryabhatiya covers number juggling, variable based math, plane trigonometry, and circular trigonometry. It likewise contains proceeded with portions, quadratic conditions, aggregates of-intensity arrangement, and a table of sines. The Arya-siddhanta, a lost work on cosmic calculations, is known through the compositions of Aryabhatas contemporary, Varahamihira, and later mathematicians and pundits, including Brahmagupta and Bhaskara I. This work has all the earmarks of being founded on the more established Surya Siddhanta and utilizations the 12 PM day figuring, rather than dawn in Aryabhatiya. It likewise contained a portrayal of a few cosmic instruments: the gnomon (shanku-yantra), a shadow instrument (chhAyA-yantra), conceivably point estimating gadgets, crescent and roundabout (dhanur-yantra/chakra-yantra), a barrel shaped stick yasti-yantra, an umbrella-molded gadget called the chhatra-yantra, and water tickers of in any event two sorts, bow-formed and tube shaped. [3] A third book, which may have made due in the Arabic interpretation, is Al ntf or Al-nanf. It asserts that it is an interpretation by Aryabhata, yet the Sanskrit name of this work isn't known. Most likely dating from the ninth century, it is referenced by the Persian researcher and writer of India, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni. [3] [edit] Aryabhatiya Direct subtleties of Aryabhatas work are known distinctly from the Aryabhatiya. The name Aryabhatiya is because of later observers. Aryabhata himself might not have given it a name. His devotee Bhaskara I calls it Ashmakatantra (or the treatise from the Ashmaka). It is likewise every so often alluded to as Arya-shatas-aShTa (truly, Aryabhatas 108), in light of the fact that there are 108 refrains in the content. It is written in the exceptionally brisk style run of the mill of sutra writing, in which each line is a guide to memory for a mind boggling framework. In this manner, the explanation of significance is because of pundits. The content comprises of the 108 sections and 13 starting refrains, and is partitioned into four padas or sections: Gitikapada: (13 stanzas): huge units of time-kalpa, manvantra, and yuga-which present a cosmology not the same as prior writings, for example, Lagadhas Vedanga Jyotisha (c. first century BCE). There is likewise a table of sines (jya), given in a solitary stanza. The span of the planetary insurgencies during a mahayuga is given as 4. 32 million years. Ganitapada (33 refrains): covering mensuration (k? etra vyavahara), number-crunching and geometric movements, gnomon/shadows (shanku-chhAyA), basic, quadratic, synchronous, and uncertain conditions (kuTTaka) Kalakriyapada (25 stanzas): various units of time and a technique for deciding the places of planets for a given day, counts concerning the intercalary month (adhikamAsa), kShaya-tithis, and a seven-day week with names for the times of week. Golapada (50 sections): Geometric/trigonometric parts of the divine circle, highlights of the ecliptic, heavenly equator, hub, state of the earth, reason for day and night, ascending of zodiacal signs on skyline, and so on. Furthermore, a few forms refer to a couple of colophons included toward the end, praising the ethics of the work, and so forth. The Aryabhatiya introduced various advancements in arithmetic and stargazing in refrain structure, which were compelling for a long time. The outrageous curtness of the content was expounded in editorials by his devotee Bhaskara I (Bhashya, c. 600 CE) and by Nilakantha Somayaji in his Aryabhatiya Bhasya, (1465 CE). edit] Mathematics [edit] Place esteem framework and zero The spot esteem framework, first found in the third century Bakhshali Manuscript, was unmistakably set up in his work. While he didn't utilize an image for zero, the French mathematician Georges Ifrah clarifies that information on zero was understood in Aryabhatas place-e steem framework as a spot holder for the forces of ten with invalid coefficients[8] However, Aryabhata didn't utilize the Brahmi numerals. Proceeding with the Sanskritic custom from Vedic occasions, he utilized letters of the letter set to mean numbers, communicating amounts, for example, the table of sines in a mental aide structure. 9] [edit] Approximation of ? Aryabhata chipped away at the estimate for pi (? ), and may have reached the resolution that ? is nonsensical. In the second piece of the Aryabhatiyam (ga? itapada 10), he composes: caturadhikam satama agu? am dva? an istatha sahasra? am ayutadvayavi? kambhasyasanno v? ttapari? aha?. Add four to 100, duplicate by eight, and afterward include 62,000. By this standard the boundary of a hover with a distance across of 20,000 can be drawn nearer. [10] This infers the proportion of the outline to the distance across is ((4 + 100) ? 8 + 62000)/20000 = 62832/20000 = 3. 416, which is exact to five critical figures. It is estimated that Aryabhata utilized the word asanna (drawing nearer), to imply that in addition to the fact that this is a guess that the worth is incommensurable (or unreasonable). On the off chance that this is right, it is a serious complex understanding, on the grounds that the mindlessness of pi was demonstrated in Europe just in 1761 by Lambert. [11] After Aryabhatiya was converted into Arabic (c. 820 CE) this estimate was referenced in Al-Khwarizmis book on polynomial math. [3] [edit] Trigonometry In Ganitapada 6, Aryabhata gives the territory of a triangle as ribhujasya phalashariram samadalakoti bhujardhasamvargah that means: for a triangle, the consequence of an opposite with the half-side is the zone. [12] Aryabhata examined the idea of sine in his work by the name of ardha-jya. Actually, it implies half-harmony. For effortlessness, individuals began calling it jya. At the point when Arabic authors interpreted his works from Sanskrit into Arabic, they alluded it as jiba. In any case, in Arabic works, vowels are excluded, and it was contracted as jb. Later scholars subbed it with jiab, which means bay or narrows. (In Arabic, jiba is an inane word. ) Later in the twelfth century, when Gherardo of Cremona interpreted these works from Arabic into Latin, he supplanted the Arabic jiab with its Latin partner, sinus, which implies inlet or straight. Also, from that point forward, the sinus became sine in English. [13] [edit] Indeterminate conditions An issue of extraordinary enthusiasm to Indian mathematicians since antiquated occasions has been to discover whole number answers for conditions that have the structure hatchet + by = c, a subject that has come to be known as diophantine conditions. This is a model from Bhaskaras analysis on Aryabhatiya: Find the number which gives 5 as the rest of separated by 8, 4 as the rest of isolated by 9, and 1 as the rest of partitioned by 7 That is, discover N = 8x+5 = 9y+4 = 7z+1. Things being what they are, the littlest incentive for N is 85. All in all, diophantine conditions, for example, this, can be famously troublesome. They were talked about broadly in antiquated Vedic content Sulba Sutras, whose progressively old parts may date to 800 BCE. Aryabhatas strategy for tackling such issues is known as the ku otherwise known as ( ) technique. Kuttaka implies pounding or breaking into little pieces, and the strategy includes a recursive calculation for composing the first factors in littler numbers. Today this calculation, expounded by Bhaskara in 621 CE, is the standard strategy for settling first-request diophantine conditions and is frequently alluded to as the Aryabhata calculation. [14] The diophantine conditions are of enthusiasm for cryptology, and the RSA Conference, 2006, concentrated on the kuttaka strategy and earlie

How to Handle Major Life Events While in School

How to Handle Major Life Events While in School Here’s how you can manage major life events that occur while you’re in school Here’s how you can manage major life events that occur while you’re in school When a major life event occurs, it’s easy to begin to feel out of control since everything is going to change. There are several life-changing events that can have a domino effect on the rest of your life, such as: a health diagnosis, death, tumultuous break-ups or parents divorcing, and many other unpleasant circumstances. While major life events are sure to happen throughout the course of your life, it can be especially difficult to deal with them while also juggling school. Here are some ways that you can better manage coping with major life events that occur during school. Allow Yourself to Feel Ignoring your emotions may seem like a good idea in the moment since it helps you to concentrate on the task at hand, but, ignoring your emotions could lead to more issues later on. After all, if you bottle up the way you are feeling, you are bound to explode at some point. It’s better to feel horrible in the moment and take the proper steps to heal rather than suppressing your emotions and possibly experiencing more distress in the future. Stay Busy â€" Or Don’t! There’s no one way to cope since everyone experiences different levels of emotions, and has different ways of dealing with them. The main thing to keep in mind is to do what feels right. If you’re the type of person that needs to work and stay busy with activities in order to help regulate your feelings, that’s completely fine. With that being said, if you’re the kind of person that doesn’t want to do anything during this difficult time, that’s certainly fine as well! Take a break, lay down, and just take care of yourself. Stick With Supportive People Finding and sticking with a support system is a vital part of handling any major change you may experience. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed with sadness or extremely anxious about the unknown, your support system (be it friends, family, professional counsellors, etc.) should be there for you without judgement. Speak With Your Professors While you may be inclined to keep any issues in your life to yourself, it may be best to speak with your professors to make them aware. Waiting to say something until after you’ve missed a deadline will not help your case, but if you make your professors well-aware ahead of time that you are experiencing a major change that you’re trying to cope with, they will be more inclined to do whatever they can to help ease the stress and pressure (perhaps like moving a deadline or allowing you to miss a class but still receive the key notes for it). Who knows, they may even offer their own words of wisdom as a gesture of support. After all, professors are humans just like the rest of us and have likely experienced their own set of hardships over the years as well. Move On This is the most difficult part of overcoming any major life change as it involves the need to accept, feel your emotions, and let go. While you should certainly hold onto memories and look back to lessons learned, moving on will provide you with closure and the strength to just let things be. Major life events can be overwhelming since they change everything you know. They can affect your thinking, emotions, physical well-being, and your day-to-day functioning. While you can and should find ways to cope that are best for you, the most important thing to keep in mind is that you are not alone. If you’re falling behind in school due to an unexpected major life event, contact us to find out what we can do to help alleviate some of the workload. References: Medlock, L. S. (2013, October 22). 7 Things You Need to Know to Deal With Major Life Changes. Retrieved August 27, 2017, from How to Handle Major Life Events While in School Here’s how you can manage major life events that occur while you’re in school Here’s how you can manage major life events that occur while you’re in school When a major life event occurs, it’s easy to begin to feel out of control since everything is going to change. There are several life-changing events that can have a domino effect on the rest of your life, such as: a health diagnosis, death, tumultuous break-ups or parents divorcing, and many other unpleasant circumstances. While major life events are sure to happen throughout the course of your life, it can be especially difficult to deal with them while also juggling school. Here are some ways that you can better manage coping with major life events that occur during school. Allow Yourself to Feel Ignoring your emotions may seem like a good idea in the moment since it helps you to concentrate on the task at hand, but, ignoring your emotions could lead to more issues later on. After all, if you bottle up the way you are feeling, you are bound to explode at some point. It’s better to feel horrible in the moment and take the proper steps to heal rather than suppressing your emotions and possibly experiencing more distress in the future. Stay Busy â€" Or Don’t! There’s no one way to cope since everyone experiences different levels of emotions, and has different ways of dealing with them. The main thing to keep in mind is to do what feels right. If you’re the type of person that needs to work and stay busy with activities in order to help regulate your feelings, that’s completely fine. With that being said, if you’re the kind of person that doesn’t want to do anything during this difficult time, that’s certainly fine as well! Take a break, lay down, and just take care of yourself. Stick With Supportive People Finding and sticking with a support system is a vital part of handling any major change you may experience. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed with sadness or extremely anxious about the unknown, your support system (be it friends, family, professional counsellors, etc.) should be there for you without judgement. Speak With Your Professors While you may be inclined to keep any issues in your life to yourself, it may be best to speak with your professors to make them aware. Waiting to say something until after you’ve missed a deadline will not help your case, but if you make your professors well-aware ahead of time that you are experiencing a major change that you’re trying to cope with, they will be more inclined to do whatever they can to help ease the stress and pressure (perhaps like moving a deadline or allowing you to miss a class but still receive the key notes for it). Who knows, they may even offer their own words of wisdom as a gesture of support. After all, professors are humans just like the rest of us and have likely experienced their own set of hardships over the years as well. Move On This is the most difficult part of overcoming any major life change as it involves the need to accept, feel your emotions, and let go. While you should certainly hold onto memories and look back to lessons learned, moving on will provide you with closure and the strength to just let things be. Major life events can be overwhelming since they change everything you know. They can affect your thinking, emotions, physical well-being, and your day-to-day functioning. While you can and should find ways to cope that are best for you, the most important thing to keep in mind is that you are not alone. If you’re falling behind in school due to an unexpected major life event, contact us find out what we can do to help alleviate some of the workload. References: Medlock, L. S. (2013, October 22). 7 Things You Need to Know to Deal With Major Life Changes. Retrieved August 27, 2017, from

Causal Analysis Of Mexico And Theu.s. - 1440 Words

Josue Matias 9/21/2014 English 103 Causal Analysis Over the past decade drug cartels has had a free flow through Central America to import illegal drugs to the U.S. Even with a strict drug policy drugs are still crossing the Mexican border. Due to corruption and political influence drug cartels are able to manipulate the government to go undetected. The drug cartel is infamous for their ability to kidnapped, corrupt, and kill anyone trying to crackdown or expose any operation. Due to this corruption within local governments drug activity has been able to flourish causing countless lives of innocent people. Mexico has known about the drug issues for over half a century. However, due to the foreign policy between Mexico and the U.S there has been little to no effort to come to terms to stop the murders in Mexico. Dr. Leopoldo Salazar Vinegra challenged the government suggesting the only way Mexico could contain the drug trade is create a government regulated system of drug distribution or implement a public health campaign to educate p eople about drugs and expand the drug treatment system. Due to the strict policy against drugs in Mexico Dr.Vinegra was dismissed Dr. Leopoldo Salazar Vinegra challenged the government suggesting the only way Mexico could contain the drug trade is create a government regulated system of drug distribution or implement a public health campaign to educate people about drugs and expand the drug treatment system. Dr. Vinegra preformed a

Poem Lyrics of Some of the Best Emily Dickinson Poems

Here are the poem lyrics of some of the best Emily Dickinson poems. To make your browsing more effective, I have included a bit of each poem after the title. A Bird Came DownEmily DickinsonA bird came down the walk:He did not know I saw; A Door Just Opened on a StreetEmily DickinsonA door just opened on a street--I, lost, was passing by--A Drop Fell on the Apple TreeEmily DickinsonA drop fell on the apple treeAnother on the roof;A Light Exists in SpringEmily DickinsonA light exists in springNot present on the year A Long, Long Sleep, a Famous SleepEmily DickinsonA long, long sleep, a famous sleepThat makes no show for dawnA Narrow Fellow in the GrassEmily DickinsonA narrow fellow in the grassOccasionally rides; A Thought Went up My Mind To-DayEmily DickinsonA thought went up my mind to-dayThat I have had before,After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling ComesEmily DickinsonAfter great pain, a formal feeling comesThe Nerves sit ceremonious, like Tombs Because I Could Not Stop for DeathEmily DickinsonBecause I could not stop for Death,He kindly stopped for me; Death Sets a Thing of SignificantEmily DickinsonDeath sets a thing significantThe eye had hurried by,Delight Becomes PictorialEmily DickinsonDelight becomes pictorialWhen viewed through pain,--Departed to the JudgmentEmily DickinsonDeparted to the judgment,A mighty afternoon;Each Life Converges to Some CentreEmily DickinsonEach life converges to some centreExpressed or still;For Each Ecstatic InstantEmily DickinsonFor each ecstatic instantWe must an anguish payGod Gave a Loaf to Every BirdEmily DickinsonGod gave a loaf to every bird,But just a crumb to me;God Permit Industrious AngelsEmily DickinsonGod permit industrious angelsAfternoons to play.He Fumbles at Your SpiritEmily DickinsonHe fumbles at your spiritAs players at the keysHeaven Is What I Cannot Reach!!Emily DickinsonHeaven is what I cannot reach!The apple on the tree,Hope is the Thing With FeathersEmily DickinsonHope is the thing with feathersThat perches in the soul, I Died for Beauty But Was ScarceEmily DickinsonI died for beauty but was scarceAdjusted in the tomb, I Felt a Funeral in My BrainEmily DickinsonI felt a funeral in my brain,And mourners, to and fro, I Found the Phrase to Every ThoughtEmily DickinsonI found the phrase to every thoughtI ever had, but one;I Had Been Hungry All the YearsEmily DickinsonI had been hungry all the years-My noon had come, to dine-I Had No Time to Hate, BecauseEmily DickinsonI had no time to hate, becauseThe grave would hinder me,I Heard a Fly Buzz When I DiedEmily DickinsonI heard a fly buzz when I died;The stillness round my form I Like to See It Lap the MilesEmily DickinsonI like to see it lap the miles,And lick the valleys up, I Lived on Dread; to Those Who KnowEmily DickinsonI lived on dread; to those who knowThe stimulus there isI Measure Every Grief I MeetEmily DickinsonI measure every grief I meetWith analytic eyes;I Never Hear the Word EscapeEmily DickinsonI never hear the word escapeWithout a quicker blood,I Never Saw a MoorEmily DickinsonI never saw a moor,I never saw the sea; I Taste a Liquor Never BrewedEmily DickinsonI taste a liquor never brewed,From tankards scooped in pearl; If I Can Stop One Heart From BreakingEmily DickinsonIf I can stop one heart from breaking,I shall not live in vain;If You Were Coming in the FallEmily DickinsonIf you were coming in the fall,Id brush the summer by Im Nobody! Who Are You?Emily DickinsonIm nobody! Who are you?Are you nobody, too? Success is Counted SweetestEmily DickinsonSuccess is counted sweetestBy those who neer succeed. Did you like this poem? Why not receive free classic poems by email? Here are the poem lyrics of some of the best Emily Dickinson poems. To make your browsing more effective, I have included a bit of each poem after the title. T Was Just This Time Last Year I DiedEmily DickinsonT was just this time last year I died.I know I heard the corn, The Sky is Low, the Clouds Are MeanEmily DickinsonThe sky is low, the clouds are mean,A travelling flake of snowThe Wind Trapped Like a Tired ManEmily DickinsonThe wind tapped like a tired man,And like a host, Come in,There is No Frigate Like a BookEmily DickinsonThere is no frigate like a bookTo take us lands away,Theres a Certain Slant of LightEmily DickinsonTheres a certain slant of light,On winter afternoons Theres Been a Death in the Opposite HouseEmily DickinsonTheres been a death in the opposite houseAs lately as to-day.This is My Letter to The WorldEmily DickinsonThis is my letter to the world,That never wrote to me, Wild Nights! Wild Nights!Emily DickinsonWild Nights! Wild Nights!Were I with thee, You Left Me, Sweet, Two LegaciesEmily DickinsonYou left me, sweet, two legacies,--A legacy of loveDid you like this poem? Why not receive free classic poems by email?

Charles Dickens A Biography Free Essays

Charles Dickens one of the greatest authors of all time. Dickens wrote on the people of the Industrial Revolution and on truth and realism. Dickens wrote about every aspect of life and included all classes of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Charles Dickens: A Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dickens used experiences from his own life and turned them into creativity for his novels and other writings. Charles Dickens was one of the greatest authors of English Literature because he wrote on the issues and problems that concerned the lives of the people around him. Charles Dickens was born in February 1812 in Portsmouth, England to a middle social class that influenced much of his work later in life (Smiley1). Charles Dickens used his imagination and his creations to make up things and put them in stories. Dickens envisioned people and the world in the city as a physical place. He saw human activity as a focus of interest and setting for a story (Nelson 28-29). Dickens literary career began by writing for Monthly Magazine and London Evening Chronicles when he wrote the Sketches of Boz (Gissing 7). Dickens also wrote Parliamentary debates and feature articles based on his experience and observations in the Parliament (Smiley 1). In his work Dickens largely reflected the political economic and social aspects of the society comprising of the poor, peasants, workers, landlords, the rich, and the state. Dickens wrote in the 19th century England that was characterized by oppressed poor masses with few rights. The society at this time had an oppressive bureaucracy whose machinations made the life for the poor almost unbearably, and Dickens provided information reflecting injustices of the system and the resulting exploitation of the poor. Through Dickens’ series of stories like Sketches of Boz and Pickwick Papers published on the Morning of Chronicles he made known the suffering of the poor using a quick wit and significant intuitiveness about their lives (Smiley 4). Dickens wrote fourteen novels in three years with eight of them having 875 pages (Nelson 25-29). Dickens concentrated on performing one of the most profound 19th century social commentaries denouncing poverty and social stratification using works such as Oliver Twist and Hard Times. Through his social commentaries Dickens brought up strong cases of poverty, crime, misfortunes of being poor, class stratifications, bleak economic systems, treatments of the poor, and condemnation of inconsiderable public institutions. In bringing out the snobbery of the aristocracy and the oppressive of the poor, Dickens used satire that served well to bring out indignities. Dickens used fancy and realism with a satirical overriding style that formed his style. Dickens used irony, which formed a significant part of bringing to light his arguments and showing his anger at oppression (Smiley 8). Dickens’ works were presented in weekly and monthly installments. They were affordable, accessible, and regular for all making his commentary more profound. Dickens in the 19th century was a writer who used novels, essays, and short stories to bring to light social injustices against the poor. Through his writings, he also reflected on the extent and impact of poverty on the society in the time period. Through his reflections Dickens presented powerful social and political views criticizing the rich and the state and arguing out the cause of the poor. Dickens political message was on the pressure, liberty, improvement and equality expressed as part of social reform and criticism. Dickens pointed out the flaws of greed for money and criticized the neglect of the poor such as through the book Oliver Twist that show the life of a poor boy, who from his birth suffers misfortunes and misery at the hands of the people only willing to use the poor as an means to end riches. In his political expression, Dickens shows his outrage at the leadership for allowing degradation and criticizes the Poor Laws that dedicated public charity (Smiley 14). In Oliver Twist, Dickens offers a biting social commentary focusing on victimization and abandonment (Smiley 14). In his illustrations he uses the concept of the workhouses found in all cities, where the poor are left to half starve (Dickens 6a). The focuses of the book Oliver Twist were showing the oppression of the poor and abuse of the poor children as perpetrated by the state. Dickens highly disapproved of how the state treats the poor and orphaned children, which he brings to light through institutional abuse. In Oliver Twist Dickens shows institutional failure and abuse by referring to the Parish running the warehouse in which Oliver was born and that approves he will be taken to an orphanage with very poor conditions with little food or hygiene and where children were taken for offending against the poor laws (Dickens 7a). Dickens disapproved of the work house policy such as Oliver was taken to when he turned 12, where the poor underwent emotional and physical abuse, and where children were liable to punishment even with out enough reason (Brennan and Norton pg. 504). Nevertheless, Dickens’ most profound political commentary was his disapproval of the new Poor Law of 1834 that came into effect to relieve the society of the burden of taking care of the poor and made poverty almost a crime (Fletcher 1). The law established the workhouse to house the poor seeking public assistance, although in there people suffered humiliation, stigma, emotional branding, and deprivation of both psychological and physical needs (Brennan and Norton pg. 504). The state imposed a deliberate inadequacy in the workhouses that made many option out to suffer on the streets to face public aid (Fletcher 3). In additional to institutional criticism, Dickens denounces that the goodness of the workhouses in instilling the value of working and denounces the Christian virtue of he middle class bureaucrats that subjected the poor to cruelty in the name of charity (Dickens 18 a). Dickens shows that the system has made the poor commodities for proving labor for the rich, the powerful and the state, and shows how the system has led to crime and prostitution as the poor try to escape the oppression (Fletcher 1). Unfortunately, the class of people that suffered most from the enactment of the Poor Laws and Workhouses were the children, the old, and the sick that were unable to fend for themselves on the streets (Fletcher 4). In addition to political sentiments, Dickens offers socialist ideologies by providing insight into social reforms, such as in the story â€Å"A Christmas Carol† that tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge a misery old man who sees Christmas as an excuse for the poor to expect handouts and for the people to miss work. Through the character Scrooge, Dickens brings home the opinion that the rich in the Victorian 19th century society concentrated more on attaining and retaining wealth, characteristics of capitalism instead of helping the poor (Pike). In qualifying this opinion, Scrooge considers it sufficient to pay taxes and considered the poor as idle and lazy therefore should not be given charity. Dickens shows that society should recognize the plight of the poor and contribute towards treating them more humanely. Scrooge embodies the prosperous English classes that see the poor as nothing and who think their responsibility towards helping others end with paying taxes (Book Rag Book Notes). Using the story of Scrooge, Dickens calls welfare from the poor showing that being unchairitable may lead to misfortune such as befell Marley a dead partner of Scrooge and as will happen to Scrooge if he does not change. Dickens’ socialist view such as in the book are however not through collectivism of resources, but through the rich coming in to help the poor, thus his ocialist ideals are that of charity and social responsibility of the rich towards the poor. Charles Dickens was one of the greatest authors of English Literature because he wrote on the issues and problems that concerned the lives of the people around him. Dickens achieved worldwide popularity for his novels, rich storytelling and memorable characters. He created scenes and descriptions of places that have longed delighted readers. Dickens was a keen observer of life and had a great understanding of humanity, especially of young people. Works Cited http://www.bookrags.com/notes/xmas/TOP1 How to cite Charles Dickens: A Biography, Essay examples

Tarot History Essay Research Paper The Tarot free essay sample

Tarot History Essay, Research Paper The Tarot has a disconnected history that intrigues historiographers, bookmans, hobbyists, and mediums likewise. Pulling on the concrete facts that are available, we will try to briefly explicate the beginnings of the Tarot, and follow some of its mileposts through the centuries. The designs of the 22 cards in the Major Arcana can be traced back every bit far as 1440, when the first known deck appeared in Italy. The 3 decks called the # 8220 ; Visconti Trumps # 8221 ; are by and large regarded as the # 8220 ; sires # 8221 ; of the decks that are widely available today. It is believed that they were originally created as a game for Nobles. It is non until centuries subsequently that the cards reemerged, this clip as a tool of divination. In the latter half of the fifteenth century, the cardmakers in Marsailles, France began to standardise the Trumps. Before this organized production, those who played the Trumps could order which they wanted to include, and which they wanted substituted or eliminated. We will write a custom essay sample on Tarot History Essay Research Paper The Tarot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Certain cards ; Death, the Devil, and the Tower in peculiar ; were considered violative by the more conservative Nobles. These images caused spiritual leaders to try to censor the Trumps. The first elaborate mention to the Trumps of the Tarot is in the signifier of a discourse. This discourse, given by a Franciscan mendicant in Italy sometime between 1450 and 1470, contends that the Trumps were invented and named by the Devil. It condemns the usage of the cards, and by and large credits them with the victory of the Devil. Harmonizing to the mendicant, the Devil wins through the loss of the psyche of those who play what was so, rather likely, nil more than a simple game. The metempsychosis of the Tarot, and its beginnings a agencies of divination, are attributed to Antoine Court de G belin in 1781.He believed it was Egyptian in beginning, and that it contained mystical cognition that had been purposefully encoded in the symbolism of the Trumps. Specifically, he theorized that the cards were the key to lost Egyptian charming wisdom written by Thoth, the Egyptian God of divine written cognition. The Trumps themselves began to perceptibly germinate from this point frontward. Changes were thought to hold been introduced by the different secret societies who produced the decks. The first history of divination through the usage of cards is attributed to cartomancer Jean-Baptiste Alliette, better known as # 8220 ; Etteilla # 8221 ; , in 1770. He was the first to print mantic significances for cards, and merely 32 cards ( plus one, stand foring the querent ) were included in this edition. At this clip, merely regular playing cards were mentioned. Later, Etteilla published several plants that involved the Tarot Trumps specifically. It is no surprise that these ulterior Hagiographas coincided with deGebelin # 8217 ; s then-recently-public intervention of the Tarot as a wellhead of Egyptian supernatural cognition. Etteilla must hold anticipated the Tarot # 8217 ; s leap in popularity: his was the first deck available to the populace expressly for the intent of Cartomancy. The find of the Rosetta Stone that translated the hieroglyphs of the Egyptians in 1799 did non give any support to the theory that the Trumps hailed from Egypt. Still, the belief endured and was augmented in 1857 Wisconsin th the debut of the impression that the rolling Romani people – † Gypsies† thought to be posterities of Egyptians – had carried the deck with them on their travels through Europe. In the 19th century, the celebrated occultist known as Eliphas L six developed a correlativity between the Tarot and the Kabbalah: the Hebrew system of mysticism. This fueled a new belief that the Tarot originated in Israel, and contained the wisdom of the Tree of Life. The new theory brought all 78 cards together as keys to the enigmas, but once more, there were no concrete facts to back up it. Nevertheless, something of import was accomplished. The theory would subsequently function as cogent evidence that the symbolism of the Tarot crossed all boundaries. From this point frontward, many charming and esoteric groups recognized the Tarot as a timeless organic structure of cognition that had significance in every mystical way. Since that clip it has been linked with about every charming system or faith known to humankind. The Tarot is comprised of archetypical images that cross lingual, cultural, geographical, and temporal barriers. The Theosophical Society, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, the Rosicrucians, the Church of Light, and the Builders of the Adytum ( B.O.T.A. ) all secured the Tarot # 8217 ; s place in the 19th and twentieth centuries. In the United States of America, the Tarot became popular and more readily available in the 1960 # 8217 ; s, when a period of geographic expedition in spiritualty began. Arthur Edward Waite is credited with the Renaissance of the Tarot in the Twentieth Century. He commissioned artist Pamela Coleman Smith to make what he called the # 8220 ; rectified # 8221 ; Tarot. Created by a member of secret societies besides known as a august mystic, Waite # 8217 ; s version has been widely accepted as the criterion, and is by far the most popular deck of the century, rich in symbolism and easy understood due to the simple nature of the graphics. In the sentiment of many learned Tarot partisans, the most important change the deck has experienced is Smith # 8217 ; s intervention of the Minor Arcana. Hers are the first # 8220 ; pip # 8221 ; cards to incorporate images picturing the significance of the cards. These artworks allow readers to explicate the significance of each cards nicety to querents who, in most instances, have neer encountered the cards before. This artistic tendency can be traced through the bulk of the decks produced after the Rider-Waite ( 1910 ) , and Smith # 8217 ; s influence is readily recognized, as many of the images echo her drawings. Today # 8217 ; s Tarot card designs reflect specific tendencies in gender, faith, civilization, and doctrine. There are literally 100s of readings, and more are being conceived as this is being written. The diverseness of the manners allows Tarot Readers to take a deck that suits their personalities, the topic of the reading, the individual having the reading, or any other variable as they so choose. Certain decks have a serious tone, some have a dream-like quality, others are full of sketch images. The true beauty lies in the Tarot # 8217 ; s ability to retain its # 8220 ; soul # 8221 ; through each metabolism and embodiment. It is, on many degrees, a mirror of those who work with it, and allows them to do each reading a truly personal experience.

Written Report Essay

Written Report Essay Written Report Essay Elsa Pham-Minh Evaluation of the argument Group Minds by Doris Lessing 1. Provide a short summary Doris Lessing’s Group Minds talks about the fact that human nature belongs to groups. Throughout the entire essay, Doris Lessing talks about critical thinking. What she means by critical thinking is the ability to think for ourselves and to disagree. According to Lessing, being able to think critically also means that we are educated and have our own opinions. She talks about critical thinking, because the government has a different definition of it. Indeed, the government wants us to believe that we are free-minded and independent thinkers, when in reality they just want us to obey to their rules, to agree with them and therefore stay uneducated. Indeed, Lessing believes that the educational systems of the Western World see themselves as being â€Å"free to do as I will†, but in reality, it is through psychological and sociological experiments reveal that â€Å"we are group animals†. Humans want to belong to a group, because most people do not want to be alone and they are afraid of being outsiders. Doris also talks about the individualists who, â€Å"stubbornly insist on telling the truth as they see it, but most give in to the majority opinion, obey the atmosphere† (Lessing 1). Furthermore, Doris talks about the fact that we all have a lot of information about ourselves, but we do not use it to improve ourselves, which is the general idea behind her essays. It is in this essay that Doris Lessing claims that the problem is not belonging to groups, because humans need companionship, but in not understanding the social laws that drive groups (Lessing 1). Indeed â€Å"it is the hardest thing in the world to maintain an individual dissident opinion, as a member of a group† (Lessing 1). 2. Determine the view or views the argument is opposing. In Group Minds, Doris Lessing mainly opposes the idea that people think they are free minds as it is not true. She argues that intellectuals with a reputation are no better than anyone else, which she proves with an experiment she conducted herself. She believes that the government is abusing its power and that it claims to be democratic when it is false. Although Lessing opposes the ideas rather than the practices of the government, she argues that the government withholds information about the human behavior from educational systems in order to keep people’s obedience to â€Å"slogans, rhetoric, leaders, and group emotions† (Lessing 6). She also claims that it needs to be taught to children, because ‘in the last fifty or so years, the human race has become aware of a great deal of information about its mechanisms; how it behaves, how it must behave under certain circumstances. If this is to be useful, you must learn to contemplate these rules calmly† (Lessing 6). Lessing believes this would never happen, because those in power seek to stay in power by foreclosing access to â€Å"hard information† regarding human behaviour. 3. Determine the soundness of the argument To support her argument, Doris Lessing uses multiple experiments as evidence, which raises the issue in a serious manner.

Love and Feelings - French Canadian Vocabulary

Love and Feelings - French Canadian Vocabulary Michel is French and Canadian. He lives in the gorgeous island of Belle-Isle in Brittany where he offers French immersion. He also taught at McGill in Montreal where he also spends a few months each year. Today, Michel is going to teach us typical Canadian French expressions to talk about love and feelings.   1 - Tomber en amour - to fall in love, Also Être en amour - to be in love. This structure is probably influenced by English syntax; in love. In France, wed say: tomber amoureux, à ªtre amoureux. A phrase which is very  «Ã‚  quà ©bà ©coise  Ã‚ »Ã‚  : Ils sont en amour par-dessus la tà ªte - theyre in love over their head. In France, one would rather say  : ils sont amoureux fous - they are crazy in love. 2 - Mon chum, ma blonde - Mon chum (my boy-friend) - Ma blonde (my girl-friend). This was once an expression used in France, such as a 18th century still famous song indicates it : Auprà ¨s de ma blonde, qu’il fait bon dormir Nowadays, a song by a very famous Quà ©bec singer, Diane Dufresne, would give you a good idea of the actual pronunciation of the word  «Ã‚  chum  Ã‚ » in quà ©bà ©cois:  «Ã‚  J’ai besoin j’ai besoin d’un chum J’ai besoin j’ai besoin d’un homme  Ã‚ » 3 - Cest un mà ©chant pà ©tard ! About some sexy girl (or some sexy boy), you will hear  : c’est un mà ©chant pà ©tard!  (he/she is a nasty firecracker!) 4 - Tes beau comme un ptit coeur! To your lover, you can say : â€Å"t’es beau/belle comme un p’tit coeur! (you are beautiful like a little heart) 5 - Donne-moi un bec Un bec (say the final c) in quà ©bà ©cois means a kiss (French people would say donne-moi un baiser, or un bisou. Un bec in France means a beak, like a birds beak) Another Anglicism used in quà ©bà ©cois : un French kiss. This is an expression which is not used in France at all! Quà ©bà ©cois have even built up a verb : â€Å"frencher quelqu’un†.   In France, wed say rouler un patin quelquun - its quite slang though. Now, lets practice your French kissing vocabulary in this realistic and fun learn French in context story - you will also learn how to avoid a HUGE faux-pas! For more articles about French in Quà ©bec and France, daily mini lessons and tips, I invite you to follow me on Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest. If you enjoyed this article, you may also like:- Dialogue in French Canadian ≠  Franà §ais de France English translation - My favorite French Canadian Expressions - 7 Best French Canadian Idioms You may also like: French Love VocabularyDialogue About Kissing - Easy Bilingual StoryHow To Say I love You in FrenchFrench Valentines Day Traditions and Vocabulary - Easy Bilingual Story

Human Resources in healthcare administration Case Study

Human Resources in healthcare administration - Case Study Example As the director of the department of radiology, I will treat the ultimatum issued by Arthur with urgency and care. Specifically, I will engage him and his colleagues in negotiations to allow for more time to address the staffing shortage. I will explain to him the challenges faced by the department in hiring the technologists, and strategies in place to address the problem. Furthermore, I will involve all the relevant persons, including the department’s employees, in seeking solutions to the problem. The demands raised by Arthur are justified and legitimate. Ignoring the ultimatum will lead to a further shortage and hence the department will be in a crisis, and this will significantly affect the operations of the hospital. Since he is the senior technologist, ignoring the ultimatum and allowing him to leave may result in the departure of the other two technologists. The major issue in the case is the inability of the hospital to hire and retain technologists for special procedures. This has put enormous pressure on the existing workforce, and this is causing discomfort among them. This presents a significant problem because the current staff is unable to cope with the heavy workload, and the current staff members are willing to terminate their services. Unfortunately, the ultimatum has been issued by the senior technologist, who is the leader of the group. Should he leave, it is likely that the other two will leave as well. Given the difficulty in hiring these specialists, allowing the current members of staff leave will only make bad matters worse. Furthermore, promising the current staff that this shortage will be addressed soon is risky since it is not guaranteed that the problem will be addressed in time. Overall, the staffing challenge in this department makes it more difficult to retain the current workforce, and this puts the operations of the department and those of the entire

Alzheimer disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alzheimer disease - Essay Example These neurons and synapses are lost when the individual begins to develop Alzheimer’s disease. The cerebral cortex and subcortical regions are impacted because gross atrophy is found in these regions (Pashek & DiVenere, 2006: p. 143). The temporal lobe and parietal lobe witness degeneration which can lead to the progression of the disease. AD causes specific brain regions to shrink which has been corroborated by the presence of MRI and PET reports (Wilson et al, 2008: p, 45). Definition Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of dementia that is incurable. It is a progressive disease in which the conditions of the patient worsen with the passage of time with the ultimate outcome being death. The disease was first identified by a German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer in the early 20th century. AD is found to be prevalent in people above the age of 65 years. Currently, it is estimated that there are 26.8 million patients with the disease (Small & Perry, 2005: p. 125). The causes of the disease are unknown while medication seems to alleviate some of the symptoms. Disease Start AD starts when individuals suffer from short term memory loss. They might also be suffering from language problems and encountering difficulty in concentrating. Additionally, behavioral problems might be exhibited in individuals with mood swings and anger being the primary symptoms (Small et al, 2003: p. 353). The difficulties in perception, executive functions, and movements can also signal the onset of the disease among individuals. This gradually worsens with the passage of time as more intermediate and severe forms of symptoms are witnessed in individuals. Role of Environment Empirical studies are studying the impact of environmental factors upon the development of AD in individuals. This approach seeks to move away from the widespread emphasis on genetic factors as being the primary cause of AD (Small et al, 2005: p. 5). Studies are being conducted to investigate the relationship between cognitive decline and vascular and metabolic conditions. For instance, a study was conducted by the Rhode Island Hospital which found a link between nitrates in the environment and Alzheimer’s disease. Nitrates are found in increasing numbers in the environment as well as in processed foods. People who are vulnerable to heart disease might have a greater chance of developing AD. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes are considered to be having a possible link with the development of AD (Tomoeda et al, 2006: p. 151). Research is still being conducted into the role of environmental factors in developing AD. This research is still inconclusive which means that there is the need for clear and precise goals. it is through the use of innovative and creative strategies that success can be attained within a short period of time. It is hoped that the study of the causes of AD will help in the development of effective and efficient medications to combat the disea se. Causes The exact causes of AD are still unknown despite decades of research into the problem. Genetics is considered to partly cause this disease as autosomal dominant inheritance has been witnessed in patients (Blacker et al, 2009: p. 1198). The oldest hypothesis is that AD is caused because the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is diminished in brains. However, this hypothesis has become unacceptable because medications that

The Scope Of The E Business

The Scope Of The E Business The electronic business, and talks about like; electronic Business; or; e-business; can be defined as information and communication technologies (ICT) to support all the economic activities. The commerce is the interchange of products and services between the companies and you can see the groups and the individuals, like one of the basic activities in any business. Electronic business and centers in the use of the ICT to allow the external activities, and labor relations with the individuals, the groups and other companies. The internet: It creates or no, and the creation of the later part of the way of the Internet in 1969, during the cold war of the military of the United States. It was supposed to be communications network of the nuclear-test; Today, the Internet is separating by everybody, and consists of networks and the countless computers, allowing that million people interchange the information. It is the transference of the data transmitted on long distances in the Internet in the big lines known collectively as the spine the Internet. And now the Internet of suppliers of important services of the Internet such as WorldCom and MCI, Sprint is maintained and, GTE, American National Standard, and UUNET. Because these suppliers do enormous amounts of yield of the Internet, and are motivated to maintain constant and fast the communication, that will benefit to the users from the daily Internet like you and me. World Wide Web: A system for Internet that supports the coordination of special documents. Formatted documents in an increase in the price language have been called HTML (Hypertext Mark up Language) the language of the increase in the price of the hypertext that connections to other documents, as well as supports graph, audio and video files. This means we jump of one document to another simply by on hot spotting to click. Not all web servers A part of the World Wide forms web. There its different applications to have called browsers of the web which it easy turning access into the World Wide Web; two of most popular Firefox and Microsoft Internet Explorer are. World Wide Web is not synonymous with Internet Extranet: Uses networks and Internet-protocols are the extranet private link network. Be possible on company are found intranet as part of external network that is extended to users outside the company, and usually by means of Internet. Such as other companies (between companies and matter, B2B) described at treating a selected group, in heat insulation of already other Internet the users examined Internet as a means. On the one hand, the communication with users is known by the consumer and has been known the company sector and (B2C) the models of the consumer involving servers and one or more of the companies. E-business and e-commerce: in 1997 IBM (www.ibm.com/e-business) to use the term to promote its services was one of the first suppliers: E-business (ebizNis) -through the use of Internet technologies the transformation of key business processes . E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet. Some Differences between B2B and B2C E-Commerce: o B2C for each of the goods sold flat rate retail price it offer spot sourcing contract management. o B2B transaction to establish the price based it involves negotiation terms on which other factors for example carrier, warranty coverage, logistics preferences and volume-based pricing etc. will be decided. o B2C the business to spend on expensive, extensive infrastructure it does not require. o B2B requires in integrating the systems of the organization huge amounts to be involved in spent the process as well as those of its business partners that made time consuming, raising many questions about security and expensive etc. o B2C e-commerce used defined profiles and email promotions just involves. o B2B e-commerce studying order history data it needs the involvement of complex issues, for example locations, the preferences of trading partners, payment records etc. Between B2B and business-to-consumer e-commerce these are just some of the main differences. There are companies that offer services as well as products to help run business successfully. 1.2. Benefits: When we access internet we find so many sites on it. When we open it we also get some useful information about the topic. Through website we can do shopping, marketing, sales, advertise, business, etc. the list is endless. For giving and getting information on a large scale just make a website and a reliable hosting company for our self. Sometimes it is expensive but sometimes it is not so, this is because if we get a good host that offers us good services and keep our website updated according to its and market need, is not a venture of loss. Knowledge of Products: We can now increase our business not only determining the local market but the international market too for improving the growth of your business with no difficulty. By following this website business we can definitely change the way and nature of your business. We can also stretch or make more elastic diversity of your products to millions of our unknown site users. We can allow our products to be in view for all the time on net. Through website we can extend our business hours for selling and purchasing of goods. Freedom of having Website: We can put any information on our site at any time of the day in order to be viewed by the internet surfers and your website users. We can change or add the information according to our numbers of time in a day. Through internet we can browse any business site and can expand our business to those you do not know. Through increased internet users our business can develop and attain growth on net. On net you face even more challenging market and companies with hundred million of customers at this new market place without making us worried. Low cost Advantage: Being on net we have to be more aware for the growth of your business by applying new challenging tactics that can be useful for us to remain in competition. We can increase our business by advertising our products and services without spending a large amount and time loss activities on printing and distribution. We get a higher value added cost for our product as the market is international and expanded one as compared to the local city market with only handful of customers. We can also add the facility of ecommerce for our site users and customers. Through this facility our old customer and our prospective customer can place order and purchase our products with the services we offer them online. We can reduce the expenses like telephone calls, distribution costs, printing etc and also by increasing some hi-tech facilities like emails, promotion of your product through website, with extended business hours without our presence and we can send out your less promotional product with a small cost plan. Nature of e-business: In e-business again on the subject of trust, Daughtrey (2001) refers to the conditions of consumers expect purchasing from the Internet or when conducting business with: Generalised perception of supplier or reputation. Confidentiality and privacy, security for Customer expectations. Supplier provided by Assurances for example guarantees. Other customers reports. For example a history of prior transactions If the customer has, additional factors may be: Order fulfilment accuracy. Order fulfilment Timeliness. With customer relations Nature of any interactions. Any disputes Resolution. From the supplier Subsequent communications. With whom customer information was shared any communications from other suppliers. 1.3. Nature of e-business communication: MassMass communicationcommunicationcommunication refers to the process of transferring or transmitting a message to a large group of people. Typically, this requires the use of some form of the media, including newspapers, television and the internet. Personal communication begins when two people are aware of each other. You dont need to know each others name, even dont need to talk. When two persons eyes meet, and two people realize there is a person right there. The communication has just begun. internet communication Purely internal or intranet mail systems, where the information never leaves the corporate or organizations network, are much more secure, although in any organization there will be IT and other personnel whose job may involve monitoring, and occasionally accessing, the e-mail of other employees not addressed to them. 2. How the internet works: 2.1. How messages are transferred across the Internet: Internet technology The transfer encoding scheme that is used to transfer messages comprising strings of 8-bit bytes. With the aid of a time sequence diagram, use the list of FTP command and reply messages to show a typical exchange of messages to carry out the transfer of a named file from the file system on a server to the file system on a client. 2.2. Introduction to HTML: HTML is a language for describing web pages. HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language. HTML is not a programming language; it is a mark-up language. A mark-up language is a set of mark-up tags. HTML uses mark-up tags to describe web pages. Clients, servers and browsers: Client-server model of the customer of fact processing is the structure of the application of the distribution of tasks which the sections or the workload between service providers, frequently communicate serve called servers, and the student, and called customers and the customers and the servers concerning a computer network on separate hardware, but both the customer has a server who in the system himself it is established. The machine of the server is the host who puts one or more of the server software in functioning these resources with customers shares. The customer must share none of their resources, but the functionality of the service requests the server for the contents or. And beginning then with meetings with customers connects servers who (listening) the received registrations wait. Supplies, and expresses it to win web browser and the application of information resources on the World Wide. 2.3. Intranets and extranets: The intranet is an information portal that specific for small and internal communication means or large ventures, companies and governments, the industries, financial institutions is devised of any size or complexity Extranets, slightly same as the intranet. External networks are devised the state specifically, and limited entrance to some files of the computer systems to give which we have had: Some large customers or privileges, Specific the industry partners, Suppliers and subcontractorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Etc. E-business models The five business models: the different ways in which the internet may be used to generate revenue by supporting the sale of a product, or service for example CDs, flights; supplying electronic information, or media services for example reports or music; charging per transaction for the provision of a service for example airline booking; charging a subscription for an information service for example news; advertising revenue, from an attractive website the internet can be used for selling a product, or service: 1. To a good place start is in the auction site on Internet. There are a lot of sales by auction which on Internet are specialised and unspecialised auctions that examine on Internet can be found. 2. A lot of service providers of Internet and web folders of research engines the property of Classifieds which can be used to solicit to other agencies on Internet to sell. 3. Found on the bulletin Council and the newsgroups which specialise themselves in this point (s) that you tries it reported sell and from to spread out to include your advertisement. 4. If we maintain an Internet site of the private sector or the homepage, and our point (s) at our place advertises. 5. Taking photos everything wants sell you, raises it very the chances of selling them. Differentiate between other business models for generating revenue from the internet: Distinction between the other company models to produce turnover of Internet. There five business models: 1. To enter 2. Supplying electronic information 3. Charge for each operation 4. The levy of prices 5. Declaration of income We can continue to the shares by means of Internet or for matter Internet Or If we or you have any cooperation. Then we can be advertised Or We can treat complete control of our work and have during the fact search All thanks to the turnovers of Internet.. Revenue from Internet! Identify other uses of the internet which may not generate revenue Several disadvantages can be obtained due to inadequate planning of the e-business strategy. For instance, it could lead to productivity losses, including loss of both existing and new staff and economic loss. The absence of an e-business plan may also lead to false starts and personal losses, which can occur as stakeholders become frustrated and disappointed over the general mission (2002). On the bright side, these losses are avoidable. In support of the creation of an e-business plan. Website design 4.1. Elements of a web page that may be used by search engines How Search Engines Work Crawler-based search engine of the strap linked on the basis of the evidence that human-drove both they to describe the term of the Search Engine; it is of frequent use generally. In radically diverse collection of the ways of listings in both types of motors of the search. Crawler-Based Search Engines Crawler-based search on the basis of the strap linked by an example for example of Google create their own lists automatically. They spider or crawl in the Internet, then the search finds people. The Strap-based motors of the search look for these changes in the end of the day if we had to change to Web pages, and how it is mentioned that can affect to us. The body copy, the titles of the page and other elements all play a role. Human-Powered Directories Evidence of human-powered for an example of the Open Directory, of the lists, depends on humans. We offer to the directory and a brief description of the entire site, or editors to review sites that you write one. The sponsor of the descriptions of research looks for games only. Hybrid Search Engines It used to be in the days on the Internet early on that the search engine lists presented either human-powered or on the basis of the results Crawler. This will be quite common today for both types of results. Typically, one kind of lists on another search engine hybrid will fit. For example, the look of a smart MSN Search is more likely to submit lists of human energy. However, it also displays the results on the basis of creeping, and also for more obscure queries. 4.2. What makes a website easy for the visitor to use: Always let the visitor know where they are located in the website. When building a website dont make the user learn the navigation or absorb significant new ways of doing things in order to access the content. Navigation choices should be available. Visual feedback such as subtle rollovers is often a good idea to improve the website to make it easier to the consumer. 4.3. Consideration should be taken to make a web page attractive to the visitor: consideration should be taken to make a web page attractive to the visitor through Easy navigation, Originality Creativity, Harmony of colours images. (1) Content, Grammatical Spelling Errors. (2)HTML: Reasonable loading time, Screen resolution compatibility, (3) Big No Nos: No distracting backgrounds, No saturation of advertisements, No poor quality animations, NO HYPE! No Background Music, Dont Over-do the Extras. Capital One does not provide financial education system and the abundance of information. The only qualm we have with their system is the lack of interactive features and financial instruments. We would like to see something more than just publishing articles cardholder can be made through the face. Education systems of financial tools are very useful because it allows the cardholder additional information about credit and money management. We can access your monthly statement, schedule payments online, and check our balance from any internet access around the globe. If we have trouble remembering to pay your bill on time, go to the website and set up an automatic withdrawal from our checking account so that we never miss another payment and never have to worry about late fees accumulating on our card and accruing interest. We did not hassle offered 24 / 7 account access and account alerts for free on the Internet. Each of these features makes banking easier and less expensive. It would be access 24 / 7 account holder allows manage their accounts online from any computer with an Internet connection. Alerts free account is a great tool, which amount to the cardholder if they are approaching the credit limit or if the bill is paid off. By using this feature, you can avoid a lot of fees is not necessary. This is why in my view; capital one site is better than this site MBNA. Conclusion: the widespread adoption of the internet and the web means that all business can now operate globally, expand the customer base, compete effectively, process orders, payments and deliveries. References: Apte, Chindanand, Bing Liu, Edwin P.D. Pednault and Padhraic Smyth (2002) Business Application of Data Mining, Communication of the ACM, 45 August Brahm Canzer, 2006, E-business: strategic thinking and practice, p-176, published by Charles Hartford. Ravi Kalakota, Marcia Robinson, 2001, E-business 2.0: roadmap for success, pp-44, 47,2nd Ed, published by Pearson education corporate. Retrieved on 10th may 2010 http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/08/internet-and-e-business.html Retrieved on 15th may 2010 www.guardian.co.uk/online website of The Guardian newspaper

Frizza †Frozen Pizza Marketing Plan Essay

The current size of pizza market in India is INR 1750 crores and is growing at the rate of 25-30% per year. But there is almost no presence of the frozen pizza in India. Contrasting this to the USA where frozen pizza industry accounts for 13.6% of total USD 40 billion pizza industry. Thus there exists an opportunity to launch a product in this area. In this report, we are trying to achieve the following: market research to gauge consumer behaviour and preferences, followed by Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning for frozen pizza product in India and finally building a marketing strategy to launch it. We started with the Porter’s Five Forces analysis. We found out that Intensity of Industry Competition was low to medium, Availability of Substitutes was low to medium, Potential Entrants were High, Buyer Power was low and Supplier Power was low-medium. This was followed by primary research where we took surveys (online and live). This was supplemented with secondary research to find out the various aspects of consumer behaviour. The core benefits were identified as â€Å"Easy to Cook† and â€Å"Tasty Food†. Generally, the decision makers are the young earning professionals or the earning member of the family/housewife. In case of the housewife, their decisions are normally influenced by their pestering children. We then did market segmentation basis various methods like customer characteristics (geographic, demographic, socio economic, psychographic), buying situation (consumption rate, consumer predispositions), mediagraphics and personas. We decided to target people in age group of more than 23 years of age with earnings of more than 2 lakhs per annum. We thus positioned our product as – To all those who want a comfortable life and who love good & healthy food, Frizza is a unique looking product that lets you enjoy the taste of heaven, saves your time and is there for you – Anytime you want it. The product was named as â€Å"Frizza† with the tagline – â€Å"Anytime Pizza†. We then decided the marketing strategy. Starting with Product decision, we saw that Frizza is differentiated from its competitors like Dominos basis 4 main parameters – (i) Lower price at same taste; (ii) Convenience factor (of using the product anytime rather than just 12 hours during which a restaurant is open); (iii) Square shape rather than circular shape, which would appeal to children and adults alike; (iv) Emotional satisfaction for mothers coming out of the feeling that she has cooked a meal for her children. We then decided various characteristics of the product like toppings, etc. basis results from the survey. Due to many reasons as explained in the report, the pricing came to as 30-40% lower than that of competition like Dominos’s. In terms of the place, we decided to launch the product only in cities given the infrastructural constraints at the beginning. The retail channels were decided as supermarkets, speciality stores and super stores, thus following the selective distribution strategy. Various promotional activities (both ATL and BTL) like television ads, Facebook, newspapers, events, etc. were planned. Finally, financial analysis was done to conclude the breakeven point as 7 quarters. MOTIVATION: The pizza industry in India is mainly divided into 2 formats – dine in and take away. The current size of pizza market in India is INR 1750 crores and is growing at the rate of 25-30% per year. The holding company of the current market leader, i.e. Dominos grew 9 times from INR 155 crores in 2007 to INR 1407 crores in 2013 brining the annual growth rate to an amazing figure of 45%. But there are gaps in the market. First, the pizza stores are limited in number, reach and timing. Thus accessibility is limited. Secondly, although pizzas at lower price points are available, higher end pizzas or pizzas offering variety of toppings cost upward of INR 200 per pizza. Thus, there is scope to use low pricing as a competitive advantage. Hence comes the frozen concept to fulfil the existing gaps. This concept is already prevalent in developed countries. In USA for example, frozen pizza industry accounts for 13.6% of total USD 40 billion pizza industry. As per Frozen food global industry guide from Market Line, sale of frozen pizza & ready meal market globally account for 41.1% of overall frozen food market. Also, Asia-Pacific is the largest market for frozen foods, accounting for 34.3% of global market value, and supermarkets and hypermarkets form the leading distribution channel for frozen food account for 70.2% of the market’s value. OBJECTIVE: In this report, we are trying to achieve the following: market research to gauge consumer behaviour and preferences, followed by Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning for frozen pizza product in India and finally building a marketing strategy to launch it. METHODOLOGY: Primary research: We had two kinds of approach towards primary research. We prepared a comprehensive questionnaire to gauge the demographic, socio-economic & psychographic traits and market reaction towards the existing products and willingness to pay of respondents for the frozen pizza product. We conducted live surveys in the nearby malls (Gopalan Mall and Meenakshi Mall) during peak days (a Sunday and the Independence Day) by distribution of questionnaire among people of different age, gender and income groups for example college goers, mothers, single men, married couples etc. We also collected online responses across diverse geographic and professional groups via social networking sites and emails. Secondary research: We used online resources to study the global frozen pizza markets and potential growth of the same in Indian markets and to gather information about the existing players and their positioning. FINDINGS: 1. Porter’s Five Forces to Understand Industry Competitiveness: Intensity of Industry Competition: Low-Medium ï‚ · Number of firms- There are large no of players in Indian Pizza market. These include the market leader Dominos, Pizza hut, Papa john’s, Pizza corner, Pizza Express, Smoking Joes, Amul and Local Pizza Producers. But there is no popular brand in frozen Pizza other than Amul. ï‚ · Highly concentrated market (Low HHI)- The market is highly concentrated with high HHI of approx 4700.Dominos leads the market with 67% market share with its 600+ stores. Pizza hut is second with around 20% market share and 180 + stores. Others have market share from 2-5% with 20-40 Stores. Share of Amul is very low. ï‚ · Demand Supply mismatch- As per our estimates; there is clearly no supply in the market, although there seems to be strong demand. Availability of Substitutes: Low-Medium ï‚ · Buyer propensity to substitute –Though overall competition is high, Competitors in the frozen pizza market segment are low; therefore buyer propensity to substitute is very low. ï‚ · Product differentiation & Pricing- The products offered by most of the Pizza producers are similar and there is no differentiation in product currently. The number of products available at comparatively lower prices is less. Potential Entrants: High ï‚ · Attractive Market-Indian quick service restaurant industry is estimated to be 6000 Cr and is expected to reach 18000 Cr by 2018. The pizza industry is expected to grow at a CAGR 25-28%. ï‚ · Low Entry Barriers and low exit barriers- The capital requirement is comparable to other product providers in the market and is not massive in any way. Even the exit barriers are less. ï‚ · Big brands-Big global brands like Papa Murphy, Little Caesers are not in India yet and there is potential threat of them Entering India. McCain though not in frozen Pizzas, may enter in the future. Buyer Power: Low ï‚ · Uniqueness- Frozen Pizza is still a unique concept in India and the firms providing it are also less. ï‚ · Large no. of buyers –The large no of Buyers with very few suppliers of frozen Pizza, decreases the bargaining power of buyer. ï‚ · Switching cost- The current pricing structure of big brands which is very similar also decreases the power of consumers, forcing them to buy from the available options. Supplier Power: Low-Medium ï‚ · Material Suppliers- There is large number of suppliers for ingredients like flour, vegetables, etc. The suppliers for Cheese and imported vegetables are less and so they have more power. ï‚ · In-house technology-The technology used by most of the Pizza Manufacturer is in-house, which reduces supplier’s negotiation power. Amul Frozen Pizza: Foreseeing the growth of the frozen food market in India, Amul launched frozen pizza in 2001 in Gujarat. It planned to introduce the product all over India through its already existing channel. But it failed to capture the market and had to close the product category soon. It could not adapt to the changes that the Indian quick restaurant and the Pizza market were undergoing in that period. The pricing of Amul Pizza was Rs 45 for a small Pizza which was very high at that time. Also, the product was not positioned well in the market and proper segmentation was not done. But recently, Amul has re-launched its frozen pizza product. 2. Consumer Behaviour: Primary market research: We received 161 responses (43 offline & 118 online responses) for our survey. The survey data was then filtered based on our target segment (discussed later) – Employed/Earning member of the family in the age group of 24-41 with more than 2 lakh/annum salary of household. Thus, 83 of our respondents fell under our target market. Core values & Benefits sought by the consumers: Based on our survey, we came to know that, 27% consumers take pizza, whenever they feel ‘Too lazy to cook’, and 40% take pizza for ‘Lunch or Dinner’. The core benefits thus are â€Å"Easy to Cook† and â€Å"Tasty Food†. Hence our product must be designed to satisfy these core benefits. In addition to this, following are the results for various factors as rated by the respondents. These are on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 as least important and 5 as most important. Decision Making Unit: Based on our primary market research, it is evident that 55% of our customers who are in the age group of 24-41 are variety-lovers and they used to try latest trends & products. Generally, the earning member of the family or the housewife makes the purchase decision. But their decisions are normally influenced by their pestering children. Decision Making: The taste and variety of the food forms the basic evaluation criteria for the purchase decision. Majority of the respondents are passive in information search. And, out of various medium of information, people preferred to spend time on TV and the list is followed by the social networking sites. 3. Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning: Segmentation: Market research results helped in identifying the market segments. We will use below three broad bases on which we will identify our target market. (a) Based on Customer Characteristic: Geographic: We expect large no. of customers to come mainly from metro cities in India. Based on our survey, we see less familiarity with the frozen pizza product in Bangalore despite it being one of the biggest cities in India. We expect the situation to be much worse in smaller cities. Ever had Frozen Pizza before? Disinterested Demographic: The general market segment can be divided in younger generation with an age group between 12-23 years, Mid-age working people who can spend money on high quality frozen pizzas with their high disposable income and 35+ women mothers who make the Pizza purchase decision for their kids. Socioeconomic: We can target SEC middle segment of B2&C along with upper segment of A2&B1. Psychographic: Based on VALS framework, we have identified 3 major segments (out of 8) as following: ï‚ · Strivers – They are resource constrained people with high elasticity of demand, who like variety in general and would be keen to try new products offered at an attractive price. ï‚ · Achievers – This segment has goal-oriented people with a deep commitment to career. They are looking for timesaving alternatives in marketplace. ï‚ · Believers – They are conservative, conventional people with established routine and exhibit high brand loyalty. They are predictable and favor familiar brands. (b) Based on Buying Situation: Consumption Behavior/Usage Rate: Through the survey we identified people with varying consumption frequency of pizza from weekly to monthly. The typical 80/20 rule where 80% of firms sales are obtained from 20% of customers, doesn’t apply in our context. Consumer Predispositions/Product knowledge & Attitude: Some of the non-earning teenagers show willingness to pay a higher price and ability to afford high discretionary expenses. There is another segment with an indifferent attitude towards the product. (c) Based on Mediagraphics: It is a new term in marketing literature describing media viewing habits of customers. It helps identify type of promotional media consumer prefers. (TV, radio, internet etc.) SOCIAL NETWORKING (d) Personas: Basis the above inputs, we made the following personasAnjali (16): College-going student who lives with her parents and spends most of the time with her college friends. She has a large circle of girl friends with a very busy social life. She doesn’t have a strong brand loyalty and currently consumes pizza from all available major brands by taking turns. She is also very active on social networking sites. Rahul (27): Rahul is an unmarried IT engineer. His work life is very hectic and often eats out or gets food delivered at home. He lives in an apartment and is earning reasonably well. He spends lot of time on Internet but doesn’t have a very busy social life, virtual or otherwise. He is bit health conscious and when it comes about Pizza, he largely sticks with Dominos as his preferred brand. He likes their speedy delivery and ease of ordering. Mrs. Bhargav (40): Mrs. Bhargav is a working mother who has a 9 to 5 job. She has two kids less than 10 years of age. She earns well for herself and often buys pizza for her kids depending as and when they insist. She doesn’t use Internet match but follows some TV programs very closely. Because of her workload, she often gets tired after coming back from office and doesn’t like idea of home cooked fullfledged meal every day. Targeting: Criteria while picking target segmentCriteria

All About Ronald Reagan, The 40th U.S. President

Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois. He worked at various jobs growing up. He had a very happy childhood. He was taught to read by his mother when he was five. He attended local public schools. He then enrolled at Eureka College in Illinois where he played football and made average grades. He graduated in 1932. Family Ties: Father: John Edward Jack Reagan - Shoe salesman.Mother: Nelle Wilson Reagan.Siblings: One older brother.Wife: 1) Jane Wyman - Actress. They were married from January 26, 1940 until they divorced on June 28, 1948. 2) Nancy Davis - Actress. They were married on March 4, 1952.Children: One daughter by first wife - Maureen. One adopted son with first wife - Michael. One daughter and one son by second wife - Patti and Ronald Prescott. Ronald Reagans Career Before the Presidency: Reagan began his career as a radio announcer in 1932. He became the voice of Major League Baseball. In 1937, he became an actor with a seven year contract with Warner Brothers. He moved to Hollywood and made about fifty movies. Reagan was elected Screen Actors Guild President in 1947 and served until 1952 and again from 1959-60. In 1947, he testified before the House concerning Communist influences in Hollywood. From 1967-75, Reagan was the Governor of California. World War II: Reagan was part of the Army Reserve and was called  to active duty after Pearl Harbor. He was in the Army from 1942-45 rising to the level of Captain. However, he never took part in combat and stated stateside. He narrated training films and was in the Army Air Force First Motion Picture Unit. Becoming the President: Reagan was the obvious choice for the Republican nomination in 1980. George Bush was chosen to run as his vice president. He was opposed by President Jimmy Carter. The campaign centered on inflation, the gasoline shortage, and the Iran hostage situation. Reagan won with 51% of the popular vote and 489 out of 538 electoral votes. Life After the Presidency: Reagan retired after his second term in office to California. In 1994, Reagan announced that he had Alzheimers Disease and left public life. He died of pneumonia on June 5, 2004. Historical Significance: Reagans largest significance was his role in helping bring down the Soviet Union. His massive buildup of weapons which the USSR could not match and his friendship with Premier Gorbachev helped usher in a new era of openness which eventually caused the breakup of the USSR into individual states. His presidency was marred by the events of the Iran-Contra Scandal. Events and Accomplishments of Ronald Reagan’s Presidency: Soon after Reagan took office, an assassination attempt was made on his life. On March 30, 1981, John Hinckley, Jr. shot six rounds at Reagan. He was hit by one of the bullets which caused a collapsed lung. His Press Secretary James Brady, policeman Thomas Delahanty, and Secret Service agent Timothy McCarthy were also all hit. Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity and was committed to a mental institution. Reagan adopted an economic policy whereby tax cuts were created to help increase savings, spending, and investment. Inflation went down and after a time so did unemployment. However, a huge budget deficit was created. A lot of terrorist acts occurred during Reagans time in office. For example, in April 1983 an explosion occurred at the U.S. embassy in Beirut. Reagan claimed that five countries typically harbored aided terrorists: Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Nicaragua. Further, Muammar Qaddafi was singled out as the primary terrorist. One of the major issues of Reagans second administration was the Iran-Contra Scandal. This involved several individuals throughout the administration. In exchange for selling arms to Iran, money would be given to the revolutionary Contras in Nicaragua. The hope was also that by selling arms to Iran, terrorist organizations would be willing to give up hostages. However, Reagan had spoken out that America would never negotiate with terrorists. The revelations of the Iran-Contra scandal caused one of the major scandals of the 1980s.In 1983, the U.S. invaded Grenada to rescue threatened Americans. They were rescued and the leftists were overthrown.One of the most important events that occurred during Reagans administration was the growing relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Reagan created a bond with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev who instituted a new spirit of openness or glasnost. This would eventually lead to the downfall of the Soviet Union during President George H. W. Bushs term in office.