Application of Ethical Theories - 12285 Words

The role of ethical theories in ethical reasoning and behavior within organizations - Research proposal Sigalit Pasternak, Phd student The Faculty of Management Tel Aviv University Supervisor: Dr. Ishak Saporta Introduction Business ethics is a specialized branch of ethics focusing on how moral standards apply to business organizations and behavior (Velasques, 1998). As such, it cannot be understood separately from the general ideas of ethics, and the general ethical theories apply to business ethics as well (Hunt Vitell, 1986; Fritzsche Becker, 1984; Schumann, 2001; Lahdesnati, 2005). Normative ethical theory offers different moral theories, each prescribing a set of moral rules that individuals can apply in the process of deciding†¦show more content†¦Finally, most of the empirical research on the connection between ethical theories and ethical reasoning is carried out in separation from research on the ethical decision-making process. Although there is a consensus as to the role of important individual and contextual components on ethical decision making within organizations (for review, see Kish – Gephart, Harrison and Trevino, 2010 Meta analysis), relatively little is known about the effect of these components on ethical reasoning within organizations. The third objective of this research is to explore the link between different individual and environmental factors and the application of different ethical theories in ethical reasoning. The proposed research can generate a theoretical contribution to the literature on ethical decision making within organizations in several ways. First, the research attempts to resolve the differences in past research finding in regard to the role of ethical theories in ethical reasoning by examining the connection between the specific content and context of ethical dilemmas and the ethical rule or theory applied by individuals to explain their resolution. Secondly, itShow MoreRelatedThe Application Of Ethical Theories Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesPASS THE INSPECTION: THE APPLICATION OF ETHICAL THEORIES TO AN ETHICAL DILEMA Discussion with Senior Enlisted Leader This is an instance of senior enlisted, who you should be able to trust, giving you bad advice. When the situation is hypothetical and not a pressing issue, it is easy to see that it would be wrong to allow the Chief to sign off on the maintenance checks. But in the moment, there are good reasons to have the checks signed off. Having the maintenance appear to be complete makes yourRead MoreEthical Theories and Application580 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿ETHICAL THEORIES AND APPLICATION Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics consider only the motivation of the acts and not whether or not they are consistent with rules or whether those acts result in benefit or harm to others (Hursthouse, 2003). For example, according to virtue ethics, a person who steals a loaf of bread because he has no money on him is acting ethically if his only motive for that act is to feed a starving person. That analysis differs from other forms of ethical analysis, such as utilitarianismRead MoreEthical Theories and Their Application Business2155 Words   |  9 Pagesorganisation’s corporate culture is supposed to be characterised by ethical behaviours for it to make decisions that are more likely to be socially responsible rather than motivated solely by making profits. Organisations that are committed to long term success recognise and realise that creating a culture where ethical behaviours are rewarded and encouraged is the ultimate key to survival and growth. This paper aims at outlining three ethical theories and to evaluate how business ethics have been violated inRead MoreCmp9500B Comprehensive Exam Solution1570 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1: Theory Theories play a vitally important role in guiding research and organizing and making sense of research findings. In spite of the great importance of theory-building and theory testing within your field of specialization, there is no generally accepted conception of what a theory is. Because your dissertation must contribute to theory, you must have a clear understanding of the variety of conceptions of theory, types of theories, and ways of contributing to theory and be ableRead MoreEthical Considerations When You Are Caring For Children And Teens?828 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss ethical considerations when you are caring for children and teens? Nurses often encounter ethical and social dilemmas that affect individuals and families for whom they provide care. These situations may present more commonly when caring for the pediatric population. Nurses must know how to approach these issues in a knowledgeable and systematic way. Ethics involves defining the best course of action in a presented situation. Ethical reasoning is the analysis of what is morally rightRead MoreEthical Theories Are Different Ways People Can Analyze Ethics820 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a person decides to take action in an event, an ethical standard is most likely in his or her core. Different theories can be examined to study ethics and how they play into a person’s life. No matter what theory is at play, a person’s worldview will always impact his or her ethical standards. For example, an atheist may have a different view on homelessness than a Christian. The atheist and Christian will take different actions, when confronted, because of these worldviews. The study of whyRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics1043 Words   |  5 Pagescompetition which can be avoided. Moreover, different models have been developed to assist individuals to make the most ethical decision. For example, the Teleological theories model requires taking alternative which would produce best results. Ethics and code of ethics have various applications in real life, especially for organizations and business. The applications include, code of ethics acts as soft law, the principles set by a company apply to that specific company, they form a guidelineRead MoreTeleological Perspectives Are Based On Various Religious Principles And Moral Standards971 Words   |  4 PagesViews Teleological perspectives are based on various religious principles and moral standards. With numerous religions world-wide the application of teleological theories are virtually impossible to use in a broad sense. For example, many religions forbid medical care and in this case would nullify the situation all together. Pellegrino’s principles for the application of teleological morals to the use of modern medicine, allows for health care needs to be met without the compromise of one’s teleologicalRead MoreUtilitarianism And Utilitarianism887 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism and Kantianism are some of the popular moral philosophical theories that have been used to deliberate on ethical matters in the society. The business world, systems of government, healthcare system, and other facets of the society are dependent on the provisions of these theories. Utilitarianism and Kantianism were developed by Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant respectively. While these theorie s can be applied in a beneficial manner in a wide array of areas, it is clear that KantianismRead MoreThe Similarities and Differences Between Different Ethical Theories651 Words   |  3 PagesEthics: The main aim of any ethical theory is to do what is right and good since it involves moral rules or acting based on specific ethical values. In certain cases, the right and good as well as the ethical rules and values are sometimes common to various ethical theories. Even though ethical theories have different reasons for application, there is an overlap in these theories that result in similar conduct in an ethical situation. There are various ethical theories with differences on how they

Victory in the Civil War Free Essays

African Americans have had a long and painful encounter with subjugation, oppression and brutality. Their history is undeniably plagued with inhumane treatment and violence simply on the basis of their skin color. Man stooped to its lowest possible status when he began discriminating against people on color and race. We will write a custom essay sample on Victory in the Civil War or any similar topic only for you Order Now No single race has had as unfortunate a history as African Americans who were rudely denied their rights during slavery era and were arrogantly kept away from the same after emancipation. Many blacks were hopeful of a better life when Abraham Lincoln declared emancipation for every black slave in the country. However since he himself died soon after, Blacks faced an uphill task getting their due share of public place during Reconstruction and prior to the Civil Rights Movement in 1960s. Victory in the Civil War of 1860s had assured African-Americans that they would get equal rights in the United States which however was one promise that did not materialize for very long. African-Americans were looked down upon in the South and they did not even have the right to sit next to white people in public buses. In the South black people were required to sit at the back as front seats were reserved for whites. This was a highly unfair law, which caused humiliation to many blacks especially a professor named Jo Ann Robinson. Blacks who were desirous of equal rights started the civil rights movement in 1950s to uphold Thomas Jefferson’s democratic ideals, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights; that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. â€Å"[1]) Reconstruction should have been a time to rejoice and celebrate for blacks in the South. But that was not the case. Blacks suffered immensely at the hands of severe racial differences that plagued the country and had sharpened with the proclamation. The administration did little or nothing to ease the transition process. Frederick Douglass expressed his disappointment in these words: â€Å"You say you have emancipated us. You have; and I thank you for it. But what is your emancipation? When the Israelites were emancipated they were told to go and borrow of their neighbors—borrow their coin, borrow their jewels, load themselves down with the means of subsistence; after, they should go free in the land which the Lord God gave them†¦But when You turned us loose, you gave us no acres. You turned us loose to the sky, to the storm, to the whirlwind, and, worst, of all you turned us loose to the wrath of our infuriated masters. † A long series of struggles began when reconstruction failed to make the dream of liberty come true. Voting rights were not yet granted to blacks and to make matters worse racial segregation had not been abolished in schools and other departments. Racial segregation in schools was a major sign of discrimination because young generation of blacks who were born free was forced to encounter unfair treatment without their being any legal support for the same. Slavery was no longer there in practice but it could still be felt in such actions of the people. Discrimination on the basis of race was reflected by things such as black people riding at the back of the bus, racial segregation in school, equal and separate principle and no voting rights or job opportunities for blacks. Before 1950s, things were not even moving in the right direction. Everything was intensely unequal for blacks including access to education and jobs. But 1950s and following decades changed the fate of black community as more than a century after initial emancipation, they were finally given some of the civil rights they had dreamt of. But these rights were not offered on a silver platter. Blacks had to consistently fight for their rights and there were a series of court cases that upheld the democratic ideals and opened doors to more freedom and equality for blacks. One such prominent and irreplaceable in significance was the Brown vs. Board of Education case of 1954. There is no case in education board’s history that has played a more important role or has served as a bigger judicial turning point than this case. In the history of important cases, Brown vs. Board of Education occupies a top slot because of its impact not only on education system in the country but on the fate of African Americans in United States. It just changed the way Americans handled issue of human rights. In 1950s, racial segregation in schools was a norm. While schools were required to be equal in quality of education, they were also meant to be separate. It was found that even equality principle was not followed in spirit since most black schools offered education which inferior in quality. In 1849, a similar case Roberts vs. City of Boston surfaced to challenge the education system of racial segregation but nothing concrete came out of this. In fact Benjamin Roberts and other African American parents were denied the right to enroll their children in selected Boston schools. In other words, this case upheld racial segregation. A few years later, in 1855 segregation in schools was abolished by Massachusetts legislature. However it was more in theory than practice. In 1896 came the important case of Plessy v. Ferguson where United States Supreme Court called for separate but equal access to various facilities to African Americans. This landmark case however denied blacks a chance to achieve complete equality because based on this declaration; blacks were offered separate facilities in restaurants, public transport, hotels and education. Several other cases surfaced since the Roberts case in 1849 and by 1949 court had made little or no effort to strike down racial segregation. Brown vs. Board of Education case was filed from Kansas. Before this case, some eleven school cases had emerged between 1881 and 1949 in Kansas. None however managed to bring about any real change in school segregation system. In 1908, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded and this organization helped black people achieve equality by providing them with legal counsel and funding whenever needed. Linda Brown was a third grade student whose father Oliver Brown wanted to admit her to a white school in the neighborhood since Linda had to walk miles everyday to reach her black school. She was denied admission in the white school and this resulted in Brown seeking help from McKinley Burnett, the head of Topeka’s branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). NAACP was more than willing to assist since they finally had the â€Å"the right plaintiff at the right time. â€Å"[2] In his testimony, Dr. Hugh W. Speer, an expert witness explained that segregation was unhealthy and unfair to black students: â€Å"†¦ if the colored children are denied the experience in school of associating with white children, who represent 90 percent of our national society in which these colored children must live, then the colored child’s curriculum is being greatly curtailed. The Topeka curriculum or any school curriculum cannot be equal under segregation. â€Å"[3] The case continued for several months and in May 1954, the court in its landmark decision struck down separate but equal clause and called for school integration. In his ruling Chief Justice Earl Warren said: â€Å"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment†. [4] The case was seen as a colossal step in the right direction as it gave more encouragement to civil rights movement which ultimately resulted in a much better world for the blacks. REFERENCES [1] Dr. Howard O. Lindsey, â€Å"A History of Black America†, pg. 34-35 [2] Edward W. Knappman, ed. , Great American Trials (Detroit: Visible Ink, 1994) 467. [3] Knappman 467. [4] Benjamin Munn Ziegler, ed. , Desegregation and the Supreme Court (Boston: D. C. Heath and Company, 1958) 78-79 How to cite Victory in the Civil War, Papers

Mathematising and Contextualising

Question: Discuss about the Mathematising and Contextualising. Answer: Critical Numeracy Critical Numeracy is a term that refers to the capability to make perceptive and keen judgemental decisions concerning the whole range of critical issues using mathematical ideas. Numeracy is the capability to use mathematics in analyzing critically every issue arising as a means of participating in the community as well as governance. This makes critical numeracy crucial when working on all critical issues to give it meaning and make it simpler. It works in conjunction with other literacy and lenses apart from the critical numeracy lens that includes; emotional, spiritual, ethical, aesthetic, historical, social and many others eventually building capacity for wise citizenship. This concept can be used to devise assessment of any question of study from the classroom to the various fields of study. Critical Numeracy builds the capacities of a person to ask a question about the meaning, validity, and usefulness of texts containing mathematical concepts. By applying numeracy lens, stude nts go deeper into a topic expanding on it and hence drawing more meaning out of statements of just figures (Mahmood, 2012). Mathematical tools such as averages help to give meaning to tabulated data, and by doing this, the researcher of the student can draw inferences from a research topic. Below is an example of how using a critical numeracy tools helps us understand and expound better on issues or information given; The following is the topic of an issue published in FACTACK, January 25th, 2017 by John Gramrich and Kim Parker; most officers say the media treat police unfairly. Just by reading the title, it's is not the clear proportion of the most police officers' and therefore this may be misleading or inaccurate (Askew, 2015). Before applying any critical numeracy tool, some steps must be followed; what are the terminologies being used in the context and what do they mean? For our case above it is worth noting terms like treat police unfairly' and try to figure out what they imply and their significance in the given context. What are the key mathematical concepts used in the text if any? At this stage, one should look out for any information given as figures, say, percentages or fractions. The next step is the meaning-making stage. In this stage the researcher should determine the following; what the next talks about. This refers to the topic under considerations of the text. In this case, the text refers to the inappropriate treatment of police officers by the media. Next, determine how the text refers to what we already know. Is there any information relating to this text we know and have proof of currently, from the recent future of the past relating to such topic? Are there known facts that prove the information in the text true or otherwise? There may be such a claim in the past, and the outcome gives us important clues as we go deeper to mathematize the problem (Stott, 2014). Determine how the already available information can be used to interpret the text, this may be figures of percentages, averages and so on. This kind of information can be used to hypothesize on the findings which are also an invaluable tool for mathematization. With this in mind, the researcher can also be led to explore further into the topic and come up with even more reliable finding than the ones available from basic surveys. Exploring further also adds meaning to the data. For the context we have above, after the mathematizing to percentages, it becomes evident that an officers age is also a contributing factor to the decision they make on the issue (Hogan, 2012). This is made evident by the percentage of the officers who strongly agree with the claim making up 46% of those below 44 years and only 36% of those older than that. How the Mathematical Concepts Make Sense Between the words used to describe the problem and the mathematical model we want to apply, which would express the information in a more comprehensive and credible manner? In the case of our issue above, the words alone appear vague since we do not know what proportion is most referring to. Percentages would make this claim more credible and therefore make it more understandable. The choice of mathematical concepts also determines how better the context is understood, e.g. percentages would analyze and model our context better than just tabulated figure hence they are better suited (Pather, 2012). Also, does the model improve the understanding of the context or just change its form of representation? Giving the number of those officers who agree on the claim and those who do not may just change the form in which the claim is represented but not how understandable and credible it is. To devise an appropriate mathematical concept it is inevitable to determine what is confusing in the context as it is so that the concept decided upon will solve that and make more comprehensive. For our case above, the statement most' is misleading in that it may be based on an individual's opinion due to some personal reasons and this can only be confirmed by using an appropriate mathematical concept (Eickelmann, 2012). Some statements may not be necessarily misleading but confusing, that means the person reading or interpreting them is not able to get meaning out of them. This is an important guideline as to which mathematical concept to use. Finally, while still making meaning out of a concept, it is crucial to determine whether there are other meanings than can be drawn from the same concept. For our case, the same concept may also mean that there is a conflict of interests between the police and the media and maybe this can be demonstrated mathematically using the same data gat hered (Epstein, 2010). This can bring an even meaningful idea that excludes the possibility of personal motives behind the formulation of the context. If our mathematical model can show that this is just a conflict of interest based on the same data collected, then it is clearer to the reader on what the problem is and there is no place left to attach opinions as is the case with just telling a person police are treated unfairly by the media'. After authenticating a mathematical model follows applying it in the given context. To do this, the numbers in the context are examined to ascertain whether they are significant or useful ("Overview - Numeracy in the News," 2017). In our case, percentages are widely used as opposed to exact numbers since different police departments have different numbers and also the decision as to agreeing or refusing is influenced by other factors such as age (Neel, 2007). Due to these reasons, using raw figures wouldn't simplify the meaning to the appropriate level. Numbers make it easy to comprehend the size of the agency, rather than saying; large or small' agency, it is better saying an agency with 2600 officers or 300 officer agency'. Once the numbers fit into the context, it is now clear the purpose of the text and the bigger picture can be seen. The bigger picture elaborates the picture even better and may make the researcher draw a different but more accurate conclusion. From our context, racial and ethnic lines are also a determining factor in the decision made by the individuals. To support this numerically, the percentage of those agree to the claim is higher amongst the white officers with 10% higher than those agreeing amongst the black officers (Neel, 2008). This shows that may be the reason the police are not in terms with media is that the media criticizes the police of mistreating the black race. This would also be the reason why the black officers do not seem to disagree so much with the media (Highfield, 2013). The high-ranking official also shows a tendency of disagreeing with this claim because regarding percentage those agreeing amongst the low-rank officers is 11% more than that of the high-rank officers. The preceding that is not an agreed upon the decision, and hence it may have some personal opinions. The figures give more meaning to the claim prompting the researcher to dig even deeper so that the context is better understood. The figures also point out on the relationship between what the officers thought about knowledge of police work by the public and their opinion on the above question. The officers who agree to the claim also tend to believe the public is unaware of their work whereas a smaller percentage of those who disagree with the claim believe the same. Again this can clearly be observed from the percentages; 56% among those who agree and only 25% for the ones who do not. After close observation through the critical numeracy lens, it is also evident that the later percentages are also lower amongst those who agree but not strongly compared to those who strongly agree by as much as 26%. Those officers, who thought the media treated them unfairly, are also more likely to see a disconnection between the public and themselves. This clearly shows that other factors other than the relationship between the officers and the media were the cause of their decision. There are also those who strongly agree and those whose just agree which is evidence of variation the view of the issue even among those who agree with it. This calls for further research is the bigger picture and is only realized when a critical numeracy lens is applied (Paige, 2008). The bigger picture now leads to a possibility of looking at the context from different viewpoints. The claim that the media mistreats the officers can be viewed as not resulting from the medias fault but from the actions of the police which call for criticism. It can also be that the media are not carrying out positive criticism and instead they are accusing the police offensively in public. This again begs the question who is offending who? which also gives another viewpoint to the problem. It can also be view as if one of the two parties is playing hero and they are just hitting back at each other since it is clear the claim is not unitary on the officers viewpoint (Dole, 2013). The claim by the police can be applied to validate the claim which would conceal malpractices in their department which are evident since not all the officers agree to the claim. If it is assumed that the media are criticizing the police offensively, it may obscure the media's role in pinpointing evils in s ociety and making them public whether by the government or even organizations. Taking it that one of the disagreeing parties is wrong and that further research should be done to determine who it is can result in no adverse impact on both parties and hence would provide the best option (Hillier, 2009). Having the percentages of the individuals supporting or disagreeing in each category, we may decide that it is true the media mistreat the officers, but unlike the claim, there are other possible reasons as to why this is happening and not the mere reason that the media is in the wrong. Racism is a possible reason why the media may be criticizing the police, and hence it needs to be researched (Chartres, 2008). The decision may also be as a result of the officers view of their job because from the percentages; as much as 96% of those who strongly agree to confess that their job makes them feel either frustrated or angry. Those who don't support the claim have less common feeling of frustration. It is clear now that after incorporating the critical numeracy lens, we don't see the claim as it appeared at first. The claim now has more points of view and even a better meaning. From it, other issues that need attention have emerged among them racism, positive criticism and negative job fe elings. As a result, the topic of media relationship with the officers is better understood and elaborated (Ares Evans, 2017). Close analysis shows that the decisions aforementioned are credible and have a much stronger base as opposed to the claim as it appeared at first. The context is also consistent with one inference directly leads to the other. Racism on the officers' part would result in criticism by the media and, in the same way, negative or offensive criticism by the media would lead to complaints of unfair treatment from the officers. After application of the critical numeracy lens, the context is fair in that it does not favour any of the disagreeing parties and instead seeks to find a central ground for solving the issue (Healy, 2012). None of the parties has been silenced, and therefore everybody is given their say in a society which is the very core of human rights and equality. Therefore, everybody ends up satisfied. It is evident that the mathematization process helps us to read the relationship between the officers and the media and now we can identify problem sources that lead to disagreement (Geiger, 2015). The reputation of the researcher is also not compromised since the new meaning of the context does not demean the findings of the original researcher but instead, makes them more detailed and credible therefore critical numeracy is inevitable in almost every context. The result of critical numeracy is a conviction first to the researcher and then to those reading the text. In the same way we can be able to read the world in the same way by analyzing the issues that emerge every day and by use of critical numeracy lens get to their roots, and by means of the various viewpoints we get, solve the issue in an efficient and informed way ("Critical Numeracy", 2017). Activity for students (beyond the mathematics class) "The foods we eat today are the cause of most of the diseases today." It is a common belief in many parts of the world today that the kinds of food being consumed are the major cause of diseases ranging from lifestyle diseases to even more complex disease types. You are required to find out the terminologies used in the above claim and what they mean, define the key mathematical concepts that can use, processes and procedures for critical numeracy on the above topic (Horsthemke,2007). Meaning-making; explain what the text is about, how mathematical concepts can make sense in the above context; how they can help you better understand the context. Determine what is misleading in this context? Are there any other possible meanings? Given the following information; 65% of those interviewed thinks the above is true, 83% of those whose think its not true are ladies between 18- 40 years, 83% of those who said this is not true confessed they don't do anybody exercise, 15% of those who thought this is true were low-income class, 80% of those who said it's true to think it's the fault of food products manufacturers, 95% of those who thought this were true thought it was the sake of the government. Required; In what ways are the percentages useful in giving the context more meaning? What is the bigger picture(s) that come into play after incorporating the critical numeracy lenses? Mention the various viewpoints visualized after analysis using the critical numeracy lens? Is the context logical, is it consistent? Reference Ares, N. Evans, D. (2017). Mathematics and Numeracy as Social and Spatial Practice. Retrieved 13 March 2017, from Askew, M. (2015). Numeracy for the 21st century: a commentary. ZDM, 47(4), 707-712. Chartres, M. (2008). Are my students engaged with critical mathematics education?. In Mathematics Education and Society Conference (p. 186). Critical Numeracy. (2017). Tas-education.org. Retrieved 13 March 2017, from https://www.tas-education.org/numeracy/critical_numeracy/critical_numeracy.htm Dole, S., Hilton, G., Hilton, A., Goos, M. (2013). Considering Density through a Numeracy Lens: Implications for Science Teaching. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on New Perspectives in Science Education. libreriauniversitaria. It. Eickelmann, B., Drossel, K., Wendt, H., Bos, W. (2012). ICT-use in primary schools and childrens mathematics achievement-a multi-level approach to compare educational systems through an international lens with TIMSS data. In Joint AARE APERA International Conference, WERA Focal Meeting, Sydney (Vol. 2012). Epstein, D., Mendick, H., Moreau, M. P. (2010). Imagining the mathematician: Young people talking about popular representations of maths. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 31(1), 45-60. Geiger, V., Goos, M., Forgasz, H. (2015). A rich interpretation of numeracy for the 21st century: A survey of the state of the field. ZDM, 47(4), 531-548. Healy, L., Powell, A. B. (2012). Understanding and overcoming disadvantage in learning mathematics. In the Third International handbook of mathematics education (pp. 69-100). Springer New York. Highfield, K., Goodwin, K. (2013). Apps for mathematics learning: A review of educationalapps from the iTunes App Store. Mathematics Education: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow, 378-385. Hillier, Y. (2009). The changing faces of adult literacy, language, and numeracy: Literacy policy and implementation in the UK. Compare, 39(4), 535-550. Hogan, J. (2012). Mathematics and numeracy: Has anything changed?: Are we any clearer?: Are we on track?. Australian Mathematics Teacher, The, 68(4), 4. Horsthemke, K., Schafer, M. (2007). Does' African mathematics' facilitate access to mathematics? Towards an ongoing critical analysis of ethnomathematics in a South African context. Pythagoras, 2007(65), 2-9. Mahmood, A., Othman, M. F., Yusof, Y. M. (2012). A Conceptual Framework for Mathematical Ability Analysis through the Lens of Cultural Neuroscience. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56, 175-182. Neel, K. I. S. (2007). Numeracy in Haida Gwaii, BC: Connecting community, pedagogy, and epistemology. ProQuest. Neel, K. I. S. (2008). Numeracy in Haida Gwaii, BC: Connecting community, pedagogy, and epistemology (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Education-Simon Fraser University). Overview - Numeracy in the News. (2017). Tas-education.org. Retrieved 13 March 2017, from https://www.tas-education.org/numeracy/ Paige, K., Lloyd, D., Chartres, M. (2008). Moving towards transdisciplinarity: an ecologically sustainable focus for science and mathematics pre?service education in the primary/middle years. Asia?Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 36(1), 19-33. Pather, S. (2012). Activity Theory as a lens to examine pre-service teachers' perceptions of learning and teaching of Mathematics within an intervention program. African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(2), 253-267. Stott, D. (2014). Learners' numeracy progression and the role of mediation in the context of two after-school mathematics clubs. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rhodes University, Grahamstown.

Technoscience Essays - Science And Technology Studies,

Technoscience The world is changing rapidly. A single technological development can lead to an infinite number of consequential developments, each of which having varying impacts on humanity. These impacts, or indicators, display the results of technological development. Climactic, economic, social, and energy related indicators are important in showing humanity's use of technoscience, and demonstrate that certain political and economic changes are needed so that technoscientists can use their knowledge to benefit the great majority of humanity. Climactic indicators are excellent examples of humanity's misuse of technoscience. One such indicator is global temperature. It displays the results of the burning of fossil fuels and the release of nitrous oxides into the atmosphere. Production of coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear power each expanded by 1 percent in 1995 (Brown, 16). Globally, the ten warmest years out of the last 130 have all occurred in the eighties and nineties (Brown, 15). These figures demonstrate that humanity is not effectively controlling and limiting its use of fossil fuels. As a result, acid rain falls upon the earth destroying what is left of the planet's forests and, an estimated 37 percent of the fish species that inhabit thelakes and streams of North America are either in jeopardy or extinct. A second indicator that displays humanity's misuse of technoscience is the global economy. Global economic statistics show the results of the applications of technoscience. In 1995, the global economy grew by an estimated 3.7 percent the largest gain since the 4.6 percent growth in 1980 (Brown, 74). The use of technoscientific developments in various fields raised the global output of goods and services. Although this was an impressive expansion promoting employment and development, it also increased the unsustainable demands on the earth's natural systems and resources, such as the planet's forests. Applications of technoscience have established the need for wood. The forests that once blanketed more than 40 percent of the earth's land surface now cover only 27 percent of it (Brown, 19). As a result, soil erodes, and the capacity of soils and vegetation to absorb and store water is reduced. Humanity's misuse of technoscience can also be displayed with social indicators. Eighty-seven million people were added to the population in 1995 (Sachs, 88). The overwhelming majority were added to countries that were already struggling with the results of technoscience: depletion of forestry, erosion of soil, and reduction of aquifers. This added population only increased these countries' problems. Population growth is slowing in some country's, but for the wrong reasons. In Russia, the combination of economic deterioration and environmental pollution has raised death rates, while a loss of hope in the future has lowered birth rates (Brown, 19). In Zimbabwe, births still exceed deaths, but by much less than a few years ago because AIDS related deaths are increasing. Beneficial applications of technoscience could be used in the above cases to improve social situation by introducing greater population control methods and by helping to control the AIDS epidemic. Energy related indicators shoe the positive effects of technoscientific application. While the production of coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear power each expanded by 1 percent in 1995, wind electric generation expanded by 33 percent and sales of solar cells climbed 17 percent (Brown, 5658). The harnessing of wind and solar energy does not create the environmentally harmful byproducts associated with their fossil fuel and nuclear counterparts. Humanity's use of renewable energy sources can only decrease environmental problems. Charles E. Lindblom's procedure of public policy integration is an effective method by which technoscientists can be assured that their developments will be thoroughly explored so that humanity will not be hurt by their work. However, most corporations give strong incentives (bonuses, stock options) to encourage executives to diligently pursue corporate profitability (Woodhouse, 173). This results in a rapid, untested decision-making process that yields swift innovation of products and production techniques that offer short term buyer effectiveness, profits for the seller and potentially long term negative consequences to a portion of humanity, the environment or the world. Political procedures concerning technological developments must be gradual and deliberate so that the development's benefits can greatly outweigh the disadvantages. Conflicting leaders should explore developments so that each can consider the other's views. The initial policy should be revised in small, reversible steps in response to feedback about errors, interpretations, and changing perceptions of needs and opportunities (Morone, 168). The net result will be a general benefit to humanity. From an economic standpoint, technoscientist's work might yield a greater humanitarian benefit with the increase in common people's role in the technological decision making process. Unfortunately, technological developments, no matter

buy custom Sweatshops essay

buy custom Sweatshops essay Sweatshops have been with us for generations. Majority of the sweatshops` workers are from the Third World countries. Sweatshops refer to employment places where workers are exposed to inhumane working conditions in terms of long working hours, low wages and mistreatment by employers, child labor and lack of work unions to protect the workers` rights. The sweating system originated through forwarding of jobs to smaller firms by big garment industries and manufacturers, especially in London, England and New York City, the United States of America. Sweatshops were associated with poor immigrants who left their own countries in search of green pastures in the big cities. As a result, immigrant workers were employed. These workers worked for long hours in harsh conditions, such as overcrowding, risk of fire breakouts and infestation of rats, whereas they were paid very poorly for their sacrifice.Over the years, there has been a global concern of the welfare of workers working in the swea tshops. The textile and the clothing industries are most associated with sweatshops.Sweatshops developed as a result of many factors. Firstly, most people who work in the sweatshops are immigrants from Third World countries. These immigrants consider such opportunities of work as golden opportunities to earn a living in order to survive in Western nations. In fact, in most cases back in their home country they have the exactly same working conditions as those they are exposed to in the sweatshops and, therefore, they do not see anything wrong with them. In addition, since some of the immigrants are illegal in a country, employers exploit them by forcing them to work long hours with low pay, instead of reporting them to the relevant authorities for deportation. Consequently, the law does not allow employers to employ illegal immigrants, according to provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). So, when they employ illegal immigrants, some of the sweatshops do n ot have the capacity to handle the increase of workers; as a result, employers are forced to reorganize their facilities in such a manner so as to accommodate them and still maintain their profit margin. In doing so, they are forced to cut down on production costs, such as wages, which results to a decline in all workers` living standards. Some workers decide to take more than one job to meet their needs or work longer hours than usual.Consequently, their jobs are not secure, as long as there is someone else in line waiting and willing to be employed to do the same job at a lower wage and longer hours. The government, on the other hand, has not been very supportive since they expect the employers to regulate themselves in the management of the sweatshops in order to create more employment for the members of the society. Moreover, the workers trade unions are not very effective in negotiating for higher and reasonable pay for their members nor do they protect their rights in work pla ces. Actually in some cases, employers fire anyone found to be involved in any form of workers union.For example, it has been noted that the Disney is among the top of the worst operating sweatshops (Kirch, 1997). They were found violating the minimum wages law especially in the Haiti Disney, as reported by the National Labor Committee (NLC). In addition, accusations against them included sexual harassment of women and dismissal of pregnant women in order to avoid giving them maternity benefits, and firing of workers who tried to speak out about the poor work conditions they were subjected to. Another illustration shows that in Nepal, Pakistan, India, Morocco and other countries of the third world children, aged 5 to 14 years, are exposed to work. In fact, in some cases they are hidden behind the doors for years to tie knots of rugs, purchased by America and other Western countries. The situation is also similar in Pakistan, where children aged 6-14 years are used in stitching handm ade soccer balls. The stitches are so small that they cause their fingers to be stunted and underdeveloped in the long run. The worst part of it is that they are only paid $0.30 per one ball stitched and yet the same ball is sold for $30 in America. Moreover, these balls are sold by worldwide known shops, such as Reebok, Nike, Adidas and many others.Anti- Sweatshops organizations have been formed in various nations. According to Echikson (1999), European companies groups have come together and formulated a code of conduct for the labor situation and they demand their own subcontractors adhere to them. Although some employers are resistant, especially in wage increases, the code has greatly improved working conditions in the region. Also clean clothes campaigns have been conducted by religious groups, human right activists and labor unions across Europe, and in some places branches of organizing and mobilizing campaigns against sweatshops have been opened (Echikson, 1999).In America adequate exposure of unfair treatment has been done by journalists, called Muckrakers, and politicians who have campaigned for change of laws in favor of workers in sweatshops. In Australia and the United Kingdom anti- sweatshop campaigns, held by the National Anti Sweating League, led to the formulation of Trade Boards Act 1909. Moreover, a group known as the international Ladies Garments Workers Union was also formed to make the working conditions of the sweatshop workers better. In this countries safety regulations and laws governing labor were drafted. However, some argue that sweat shops make commodities more available and affordable to average consumers since production costs are kept law. Subsequently, it provides employment especially to the illiterate and less educated who otherwise will not have sources of income or would have been forced to immoral behavior such as prostitution in order to earn a living. In addition, others say that sweatshops benefit countries with big economies, contributing to their GDP and reducing their balance of payments deficit. This is because, most goods /products are exported and others are consumed locally.Even though sweatshops pay less than the expected standards in the US, UK and other western nations, the wages are much better than those that the immigrants would earn in their original countries. Actually, the same immigrants working in the sweatshops could be paid better than some of the workers, working in the third World countries (Budd Slaughter 2000). According the World Bank report, in most third World countries a large percentage of people live on less than $ 1 and $ 2 per day.Moreover, at a personal level when one compares what she or he is earning in a sweatshop with other available alternatives, one may decide to go for a sweatshop job if it better paid. Therefore, they can serve the interest of a sweatshop worker better when the payment is higher than the payment of the next best alternative.Actually, th e majority of economists believe that sweatshops are of benefit to the third world workers because they provide investment and employment opportunities for them (Bhagwata). Their views are based upon the demand and supply effects of a market, allowing it to balance itself to the equilibrium level, creating a win - win situation where both the employer and the worker win (Williams 2004).On the other hand, the economists who believe that sweatshops should be abolished argue that the demand curves are negatively sloped must be very illiterate (Miller, 2003).In most third world countries the average number of working hours usually exceeds 50 hours per week, which is considered the international average weekly working hours. In countries like Haiti, Nicaragua, Honduras and Dominican Republic, the working hours are at an average of 70 hours per week, which is almost the same number of hours per week in sweatshops.In the example of children making rugs (Kirsh, 1997), efforts are being made to set them free and enroll them in education and rehabilitation programs. In the process of eradicating sweatshops, an organization known as Co-op America has conducted research and found out that sweatshops can actually be eliminated. Their main idea is to provide the information to the public in order to assist them differentiate products from sweatshops and those from quality shops (Kirsh, 1997). This can be done through labeling brands. They also aim at exposing companies that exploit workers to the public. This will affect the taste and attitude of consumers towards specific products and as the result will put them out of the market. For instance, as the result of a research, they have ranked Blue Jeans Company as the best company that provides excellent working conditions for their employees, while rugs has worst practices regarding employees` management.To conquer sweatshops and eradicate them we must work as a team. There are several things we can do as nations and communi ties. First and foremost, we must acknowledge that sweatshops are real and they are unacceptable since they exploit other people unfairly. Then, we must communicate with those within our reach to let them know about the disadvantages of sweatshops. We must demand to know the welfare of workers in the places we purchase goods from. And if they are mistreated the situation must change through campaigning and mobilization. If nothing is done, bring awareness about the sweatshops to the entire communities, universities, churches and nations. In doing so, we will discourage purchase of goods manufactured in these factories, industries and companies and we will let them know why we do not buy their commodities.Establishment of strict labor laws and sound trade unions that protect the welfare of workers and children will greatly contribute to the reduction of sweatshops. Any employer found not abiding the laws should be punished accordingly. Also, third world nations should stop acting lik e victims of slavery and desperation. We should endeavor to live and work in own countries so that we can develop our own economies. Preferring to live as immigrants and working as sweatshop workers should be discouraged at all costs.According to Kirsh (1997), creation of awareness by the Co- op America Organizations has caused the consumers to pressurize the International soccer`s governing body to sign a code of conduct that they will not use children in soccer balls` production. As a result, there is a strategic plan to build factories to produce soccer balls by Reebok and Nike in places like Pakistan and only adults are to be employed. Moreover, rehabilitation programs are also instituted to develop the academic skills of children. This will cater for the children, especially those previously employed in production of soccer balls. In addition to the above, Co-op America has suggested various measures to assist consumers in selection of products for purchase. They advise e that the consumers choose a particular product which they often buy, and stick to it. They should also ensure that they buy the products from a fair trade organization or a green business company. The other thing they advice is to raise awareness.If possible, consumers should be bold enough to question retail stores whether there is any exploitation of workers of whatever kind in production of their products. Consequently, they could send coupon or questionnaires to manufacturer companies and request them to be filled by both employees and employers (Kirsh, 1997).As a result, awareness will be created to both the local and international community.Companies who sell products resulting from sweatshops will run great losses and close down if they do not stop sweatshops.As the sweatshops will be reduced, better working conditions and protection will be accorded to workers. This is because, trade unions will be empowered and many employers will seek to abide to the law. On the other hand, une mployment levels may increase for immigrants who are not educated or do not have skills that match job descriptions in the foreign nations. Therefore, the governments should establish centers to train and equip them for the job market and also to provide basic needs for them until they are employed and able to vend for themselves. Preferring to live and work in the country of origin will lead to greater heights of development; hence, employment opportunities will also increase and, therefore, immigration to western countries will reduce.As a conclusion, the sweatshops have been with us for many years. Eradicating them completely may take some time. A majority of sweatshop workers come from the third world countries. This is mainly caused by the demand of cheap labor in order to meet market demand. As a result, the companies end up employing immigrants who are desperate to earn a living and survive since they are not educated enough to do well paid jobs. Governments are not aggressiv e in fighting the problem, since some feel that it contributes to low unemployment rate. However, several anti sweatshops groups have raised up to express their displeasure in operation of sweat shops. The measures, such as mobilizing both the local and international communities and creating awareness about highly infringed human rights of those immigrants, were taken. This has led to closure of some companies and establishment of labor laws to protect the welfare of workers and to stop child labor in sweatshops.The bodies involved in this exercise include ECPAT, National Anti Sweating League and the international Ladies Garments Workers Union; they and many worker unions have been established to protect the workers` rights. Other companies have resulted to construct their own factories to get rid of the problem, for example, Nike and Reebok constructing factories in Pakistan to produce soccer balls and to build rehabilitation centers for children abused before.Even though it has b een argued that sweatshops pay workers more than local firms in the third world countries, they cannot be accepted. This is because in comparison with output products, the wages are low and also the working conditions are practically inhuman. Research conducted by organizations such as Co-op America shows that we can live and produce effectively and efficiently without sweatshops.Finally, in my opinion, sweatshops should be banned completely in both the local and international communities. This is because sweatshops degrade humanity. Every human being has a right to proper treatment, especially in working places, no matter whether he or she is an immigrant or not Buy custom Sweatshops essay

Principle, Principal

Principle, Principal Principle, Principal Principle, Principal By Sharon Principle and principal are easily confused. It doesnt help that they are homophones, which means they sound alike. Heres a guide to what they mean and how you can tell them apart. Principle The word principle means a standard, a law or a rule. This means you can have: the principles of economics, which are the laws that govern economic theory moral principles, which are the rules and standards that govern your behavior Principal The word principal usually refers to a person. Remember that it ends in pal, which is a person. A principal can be: the head of a school the head of an organization the main person involved in a contract or financial negotiation Putting It All Together If you remember that principal is a person, then you can easily make sense of this sentence: The principal taught us the first principle of social responsibility. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?In Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisTypes of Plots

Marine engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marine engineering - Essay Example This actuator C is the one that controls the forming operation labeled as (1) in the diagram. In order to return the actuator C to its normal position, solenoid C- is operated through a Normally Opened Contact (R1). However, on its way back through the cylinder, actuator C comes into close proximity of sensor TC- which leads to operation of actuator labeled D under the effect of solenoid D+. The actuator D is used to control forming operation (2). Another normally opened contact (R2) is then used to return actuator D back to its normal position under the effect of solenoid D-. Later on, when the sensor TD- has been activated, actuator B is returned to its original position by the effect of solenoid B-. Meanwhile, sensor TB- is activated by the actuator B which leads to operation of actuator A, which returns to normal position, through effect of solenoid A-. This effectively summarizes the working of the

Writing 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Writing 1 - Essay Example the pleas presented were based on the fact that privacy is being eroded. Federal Court was moved in this regard in order to assess and specify the limits and scope of their working and check the nature of questions presented before the jury. By the end of the hearing, the court announced that the practices of National Security Agency did not violate any major civil rights or privacy rules majorly (LIPTAK). Prior to the recent ruling, a former case undertaken with this regard assessed the scenario and termed the working of N.S.A as obstructing the privacy and basic rights of ordinary citizens. The set of recommendations have come forth on account of response to the concerns expressed by Jeff Jarvis in a further response to the findings and decision made by the Federal Court (Jarvis). In one of the proceedings and case result the court termed the activities of N.S.A as that of one leading the country towards a totalitarian state outlook with no private life protection and privacy respect. In order and effort to make up for the concerns of number of citizens, a ten point recommendation plan has been suggested with aims of providing the N.S.A a working mechanism which will allow for a more transparent, efficient and little controversial working mechanism with regard to privacy and public personal life (Brand). For the purpose a Board has been brought into force with regard to the working of the N.S.A and possible definition of its scope and privacy breach protection. These recommendations include the following: The board advised the N.S.A for a possible redefinition of the identifying and then targeting a particular suspect action or individual. This will allow for a better understanding of the scenario with regard to the privacy protection. This part of recommendation largely pertains to the cooperation with the foreign security agencies and the American citizens monitoring who may be outside the American soil. This

The wire showing its resistance Essay Example for Free

The wire showing its resistance Essay I want to find out how the length of a wire changes the amount of voltage and current flowing though the wire showing its resistance. My prediction for the experiment is that as the length of the wire increases the resistance will also increase and as the wire decreases so will the resistance. I think this will happen because the loose electrons are being transported around the circuit and the wire will provide resistance to these, as it is like passing through a sponge rather than air. And so as there is more wire or sponge to pass through it will take increasingly longer and that is why I predicted that. I will change the length of wire between 20cm and 100cm in intervals of 10cm each of these lengths I will do 3 times at different voltages, which are 0. 3v, 0. 6v and 0. 9v. I think this is important to ensure a reliable average. I will measure the amount of voltage and current passing through the circuit. I will keep the voltage the same through each set of experiments e. g. at 0. 3v I will make sure there is 0. 3v at 20cm and 0. 3v at 100cm by using a variable power pack. I will keep the same wires that link up the circuit so that they have the same resistance for each experiment. I will keep the adjustable wire the same and use the same crocodile clips, voltmeter, ammeter and power pack to ensure a fair test. Doing a preliminary experiment helped me to decide what ammeter and voltmeter to use also what voltage to run through the circuit and how short the wire can get before overheating. It also helped me confirm my prediction. It helped me decide to use a digital voltmeter because it gave more accurate readings. The equiptment I will need Power Pack 5 wires Ammeter 1 metre of wire 2 crocodile clips Voltmeter Diagram Resutls Table and Graph. Length of wire (cm) Ex 1 Current at 0. 3 volts ( ) Ex 2 Current at 0. 6 volts ( ) Ex 3 Current at 0. 9 volts ( ) Ex 1 Actual Voltage (v) Ex 2 Actual Voltage (v) Ex 3 Actual Voltage (v) Length of wire (cm) Ex 1 Current x Actual Voltage ( ) Ex 2 Current x Actual Voltage ( ) Ex 3 Current x Actual Voltage ( ) Conclusion I have found out that the longer a wire the more resistance in that circuit which is exactly the same as my prediction. The trends and patterns are that the longer the wire the smaller the difference in current and resistance. As in experiment 1 the difference in resistance between 10cm and 20cm is 0. 16 but the difference between 90cm and 100cm is just 0. 01. The reason we got these results is because the longer or larger a circuit that the current has to pass through the more resistance there is for the current because the wire provides resistance to the current and the more of that wire the current has to pass through the higher the resistance is going to be. The results arent exactly what I predicted because I thought the graph would be a straight line and not curved, I dont know why this is. Evaluation I think that the experiment went very well and I got the results I predicted and did not have any odd results. My method was probably the best method for carrying out this experiment. I could improve it though by doing each experiment more times and at smaller intervals of wire size e. g. every 5cm. I could make the results more accurate by making sure the voltage was exactly what is meant to be e. g. 0. 6v not 0.605v. I think I have enough data to support my conclusion and the results are reliable however I could make them more reliable by doing each experiment more times. I think to provide more evidence for my idea by doing wires with different widths or thickness to prove that the more for the current to pass through the more the resistance. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Epic of Gilgamesh Essay - Desperate Search for Immortality :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

Desperate Search for Immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh The search for immortality seems to be an obsession for many men and women all throughout history. In the Epic of Gilgamesh a man investigates the possibility of immortality following the saddening death of his friend, his brother Enkidu. That man, Gilgamesh, feeling the fear of the possibility of his own mortality which was before unrealized before the death of Enkidu, searches for a way to preserve himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is it truly that Gilgamesh searches for a physical immortality or more of a spiritual immortality? Gilgamesh wishes to give the flower of immortality to the elders of the city to rejuvenate them and return the youth to the kingdom of Uruk. This show of selflessness and concern for his people is a sight that might not have been seen a short while before his meeting with Enkidu and his influence on Gilgamesh which changed his view of life. Gilgamesh clearly tries in the end to restore the youth to the elders for the purpose of keeping the memory of not only himself but also Enkidu alive. As long as your culture and relatives survive so do you. Every relative has a piece of you carried along with them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why didn’t Gilgamesh just eat the plant and live as an immortal? Perhaps it was because if he were to eat the plant he would become a lonely king who just would become more and more saddened by his people whom he loved die over and over again and only he would remain. His close friend, Enkidu, was gone.   His father warnied him of the loneliness - perhaps this convinced Gilgamesh of his course of action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gilgamesh has been through many adventures and he gained wisdom to go along with his god like physical powers. Gilgamesh learns that the greatest type of immortality is the noncorporeal. The worth of a man's life is many times said to be measured by the things he has done and the legacy that he has left behind. After realizing that he was not a god-man, Gilgamesh understood that the real glory is in the deeds you have done and the people you have affected in good ways over your life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many ancient peoples had stories with morals to them. The Epic of Gilgamesh clearly promotes the moral feelings of the time.

Human consumption: and its effect on the environment Essay

The environment is a very important in human existence as it is basically all that surrounds us. Our environment is a complex phenomenon that consists of the climate, geography and other natural resources in the environment. The human life basically depends on healthy produce and the balanced environmental conditions. The environment however could affect humans physically spiritually and culturally. In today’s ever growing society, it is important that we take care of our environment in order to have a healthy and balanced environment. Humans are known to solely depend on earth’s resources such as; oil, forests, water, energy and others. These resources however, get limited in time and humans are known to largely consume them. There are some negative and positive effects on the environment caused by humans. In terms of negative effects, the depletion of the ozone layer, pollution and overconsumption are some examples of how humans affect the environment. However, there are some positive effects which benefits the environment such as—conservation of wild life. The environment today, has been affected by various factors, which benefits the environment and negative factors, which damage the environment and cause severe damage to it. Several discussions have been made on human consumptions and what effects they have on the environment. This essay will be set in three parts that will assess human consumption and the various ways in which it affects  the environment. The first part of the essay will focus on the negative and positive effects human consumption has on the environment and secondly this essay will discuss over consumption of natural resources, and thirdly this essay will address various solutions in which to address this problem and help the environment and all of earth’s resources to give a more balanced and healthier environment. THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF HUMAN CONSUMPTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT As mentioned earlier, there are many ways in which the environment is affected negatively by humans. One of these ways is through pollution. Pollution is basically regarded as unwanted substances that are harmful and contaminating the environment. Pollution is a very important issue when addressing the environments and its factors. There are various types of pollution, such as; air pollution, water pollution, land pollution and others. Air pollution is when there are unwanted, harmful substances in the air which have poisonous effects. These substances are very dangerous and when ingested could cause diseases such as cancer and bronchitis, which are deadly to both man and animals alike. â€Å"Pollutants are harmful chemical or physical substances released into the atmosphere, a water source, the soil or a component of the biosphere† (Saier, 2006:205) Particle pollutants when released in the air are very lethal, and could cause severe damage to the human body. Air pollution does not only affect humans but it also affects the environment, for example, the depletion of the ozone layer is caused by harmful toxins that are released into the air. Water pollution however, is the contamination of water bodies in the ecosystem such as rivers, lakes, oceans and others. This mostly occurs, when pollutants are released into the water bodies and this could be very dangerous to man, animals and other living creatures in the environment. Water much like air, is very needed in other for the environment to be balanced. Another example of pollution is land pollution which is the deposition of solid or liquid waste material on land. This is also very harmful to the environment, especially when the garbage disposed is not separated into re-usable and recyclable waste. Lands that are contaminated as a result of pollution are known to be very problematic to the human respiratory system. Pollution is a very serious matter that needs to be taken into further considerations, especially since it is done  mostly by humans. There is no question that humans are incapable of destroying the environment and although a lot has changed in the generation, much has not. Humans still contaminate their air, water supplies and land by disposing hazardous materials and thereby destroying natural habitats. It is important we take the matter of pollution seriously and properly take care of our environment, because we still continue to populate the earth at an increasing rate. (Pierce et al., 1998) There also some positive factors of human’s in our environment. These positive effects are very beneficial to the environment as it properly sets it in balance. One of the ways in which humans are impacting the environment positively is by protecting endangered species. Nearly most endangered species are now being bred in protective areas. Species such as the Chinese giant pandas is an example of endangered species that are carefully being bred in protective areas to keep them from going to extinct. OVERCONSUMPTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Overconsumption of natural resources has become a growing trend, especially in the industrialized nations. Overconsumption which is the act of using something to the excess is mostly done in western industrialized nations. â€Å"The necessity of preventing environmentally disrupting effects of affluent consumption in modern industrial societies has been recently addressed in a vast body of literature on ‘sustainable consumption’† (Cogoy, 2010:460)Natural resources such as materials, water and energy are very essential in the environment because they are the basis of our existence on earth. These resources are gradually decreasing due to humans’ constant consumption of these resources. Our climate is changing, species are becoming extinct, fish and forests are shrinking due to the damages that are imposed on our environment by humans. â€Å"..Overconsumption of natural resources is portrayed as a major threat to the sustainability of the world’s envi ronmental systems.† (Brown et al., 2000). Overconsumption which is regarded as the excessive used of goods and services is perceived as a means of personal happiness, status and success. However, in an environmental context, it is the excessive use of natural resources. It is known that humans today extract and use more 50% more natural resources than only 30 years ago. This consumption from humans, is a way of trying to  aspire to achieve happiness through the use of goods produced from materials that are deemed â€Å"plentiful† and resourceful. (The European Environment [SOER], 2010). There are ways in which we can avoid over consumption of natural resources in order to continue to thrive on earth. These ways include; changing our lifestyles and making it more sustainable so that we are able to protect our ecosystem and natural resources. It is important we characterize the problem of overconsumption and start a debate about resource use and its environmental impacts around the world. If humans were to continually consume resources wastefully, in order to follow self-interested motives, then natural resources in the environment would be reduced and future consumption will be undermined and resources are very likely to slowly deplete. Solutions Asserting that â€Å"human influence on the planet has increased faster than human population,† Joel Cohen elaborated on the concept of human carrying capacity. Though carrying capacity is ultimately determined by natural constraints, Cohen stressed the role of human choices about lifestyle and consumption in determining how many people the earth can sustain within those constraints. Emphasizing the role of economics, Donald Ludwig contended that the real problem with human population growth is not biological, but societal. Ludwig asserted that a fundamental conflict exists between economics and ecology; economists believe growth to be essential, leading to increased consumption, while ecologists say growth is inherently limited. Reaffirming Ludwig’s opinion about the importance of economics, William Rees introduced the concept of the ecological footprint, a model that puts the economy inside the ecosphere, intrinsically imposing limits on growth based on availability of resources. The ecological footprint recognizes the interplay of economics and ecology by measuring not just the natural resources a place uses of its own, but those consumed from other countries. Though it is Gretchen Daily’s opinion that â€Å"people have difficulty looking beyond their own discipline for solutions,† she stressed the importance of crossing both societal and economic boundaries in exploring the issue of human population growth. Daily believes that not only  must scientists cooperate with others, but cooperation within the sciences is essential; scientists worldwide must begin to share information. Bibliography Cogoy, M. (2010). Consumption, time and the environment. Review of Economics of the Household, 8(4), 459-477. Saier, M. (2006). Pollution. Environmentalist, 26(3), 205-209. Peirce, J., Weiner, Ruth F, Vesilind, P. Aarne, & ScienceDirect. (1998.). Environmental Pollution and Control. Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann. Brown, Paul M, & Cameron, Linda D. (2000). What can be done to reduce overconsumption? Ecological Economics, 32(1), 27-41.

Literature of Singapore

The literature of Singapore comprises a collection of literary works by Singaporeans in any of the country's four main languages: English, Tamil, Chinese, and Malay. While Singaporean literary works may be considered as also belonging to the literature of their specific languages, the literature of Singapore is viewed as a distinct body of literature portraying various aspects of Singapore society and forms a significant part of the culture of Singapore.Literature in all four official languages has been translated and showcased in publications such as the literary journal Singa, that was published in the 1980s and 1990s with editors including Edwin Thumboo and Koh Buck Song, as well as in multilingual anthologies such as Rhythms: A Singaporean Millennial Anthology Of Poetry (2000), in which the poems were all translated three times each into the three languages. A number of Singaporean writers such as Tan Swie Hian and Kuo Pao Kun have contributed work in more than one language. Howe ver, such cross-linguistic fertilisation is becoming increasingly rare and it is now increasingly thought that Singapore has four sub-literatures instead of one.Literature being an integral part of the culture of Singapore also portrays the specific aspects of the Singaporean society. The literature of Singapore mainly consists of literary works by well-known Singaporean writers in the four major languages of the nation-English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. The distinct body of literature offers a glimpse of the multi-cultural society and is also the literature of their specific languages.The popular Singaporean writers like Tan Swie Hian and Kuo Pao Kun have made a significant contribution to the world of literature in Singapore. They have contributed their literary talent in more than one language. It is now considered that Singapore has four sub-literatures instead of one specific Singaporean literature.Some of the popular Singaporean writers are Aaron Lee, Muhammad Ariff Ahmad, Boe y Kim Cheng, Felix Cheong, Rohani Din, Goh Poh Seng, Ivy Goh Nair, Liang Wern Fook, Rex Shelley, Kirpal Singh, Robert Yeo, Huzir Sulaiman, Colin Tan, Cyril Wong, Arthur Yap, Yong Shu Hoong and James Villanueva..

Bump in the Road †Scholarship Essay

Bump in the Road – Scholarship Essay Free Online Research Papers Answer the following question: If there has been some obstacle or bump in the road in your academic or personal life please explain the circumstances. Answer Change is not easy. What is easy is to sail through an uneventful life as a student in a third world country, sheltered by loving parents and family. A few months after I started college in Lima Peru, I realized that my expectations of what college should be were not met. The challenge and incentive I needed were missing. I would not settle for mediocrity. With my heart in my hand, I made a decision: it was time for a change. This change has been and still is the biggest obstacle I ever tried to overcome. My idea of attending college in the United States was supported by my parents, but they believed I was not ready for that experience yet. After visiting Miami during my summer break and doing much research, I decided that I was ready to face my parents once again. This time, I approached them with a plan. I explained to them where I was going to live, how I was going to support myself and most importantly, how I was going to get into college. My plan was simple: to minimize my expenses by applying to college as a Florida resident. Luckily, I am an American citizen, so I have been able to work and support myself in the state of Florida. A year has passed and I have accomplished all my goals except for getting into college. I have studied hard; I have taken the TOEFL, the SATs and presented my applications. Now, all there is to do is wait and hope for a brighter future as my dreams of studying in the U.S come true. Research Papers on Bump in the Road - Scholarship EssayHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyLifes What IfsEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceCapital Punishment

Bigger Thomas A Tragic Hero

When analyzing Bigger Thomas, Richard Wright’s protagonist in the novel Native Son, one must take into consideration the development of his characterization. Being a poor twenty-year-old Black man in the south side of Chicago living with his family in a cramped one- bedroom apartment in the 1930’s, the odds of him prospering in life were not in his favor. Filled with oppression, violence, and tragedy, Bigger Thomas’ life was doomed from the moment he was born. Through the novel, Bigger divulges his own dreams to provide for his family and to be anything but a â€Å"nobody. Although Bigger struggled to fight through obstacles to pursue his dreams for the future, his chase for a better life came to an abrupt halt after the tragic accidental murder of his employer’s white daughter. Bigger Thomas fits the definition of a tragic hero, considering he is the protagonist of Native Son that experiences tragedy throughout the novel. Along with tragedy, Bigger also undergoes change as the novel progresses. By the end Bigger’s life story, he is able to change into a man that is no longer consumed through the fear in his heart. Due to his characteristics, Bigger Thomas can be compared to Willy Loman in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. Both characters are tragic heroes that are related by their struggles through tragedy and changes they undergo throughout their lives. By comparing the two characters, one can solidify the importance of both characters because of their tragedies they experience. In the beginning of Native Son’s book one: Fear, one is able to realize that Bigger Thomas’s fate looms in the hands of his environment. He did not choose to live a life of poverty in the â€Å"Black Belt† of south side Chicago. This life was forced upon him. On page 20 of the novel, foreshadowing occurs as Bigger chats with his friend Gus about his future. He says, â€Å"Every time I get to thinking about me being black and they being white, me being here and they being there, I feel like something awful’s going to happen to me† (Wright 20). He displays a defeatist attitude that he further explains as he talks to Gus. He explains his reasoning as he questions, â€Å"Why they make us live in one corner of the city? Why don’t they let us fly planes and run ships? †(Wright 20). As a result of this conversation, the reader is able to identify that Bigger goes through his life feeling defeated. He has minimal hope for his future as he lives in fear that something awful will happen to him due to the color of his skin and where he lives. Although one may argue that Bigger is a negative person who uses the color of his skin to justify his evils, this is not the case considering Bigger constantly is oppressed by his environment and lacks options in his life. The white people that surround Bigger give him no hope to prosper thus creating a tragic existence from the start. It is not until Bigger gets a job offer from a rich white philanthropist, Mr. Dalton that his life may be able to turn around for the better. Unfortunately for Bigger, this opportunity does just the opposite. While accepting a job as a chauffer for the Dalton family, Bigger becomes optimistic about his current situation. Instead of constantly letting his mother and siblings down, he is now able to provide for them through this job by granting them $20 from his salary each week. Although the job acquired little skill, Bigger was satisfied that through this job, he could be less of a â€Å"nobody. While reflecting on this new chapter in his life, Bigger expressed, â€Å"This would be an easy life. Everything was all right, except that girl† (Wright 59). The girl that worried Bigger was Mary Dalton, Mr. Dalton’s free spirited daughter that constantly challenged Bigger’s patience and authority. Their first encounter left Bigger skeptical of Mary Dalton’s motives. By their second encounter, Bigger was blatantly fearful that Mary would cause him to lose his job. During their second encounter, Bigger is ordered to chauffer Miss Dalton to the University for her nightly class. Unfortunately to Bigger’s surprise, Miss Dalton has another set of plans. She tells Bigger, â€Å"I think I can trust you† (Wright 64) in order to toy with his emotions and disobey his boss’ orders as Bigger, Mary, and Mary’s communist boyfriend Jan Erlone take the car out for a night in the loop. After a rousing evening on the town filled with booze and conversations about communism that left Bigger offended and ashamed to be black, it became Bigger’s duty to make sure that Mary was placed safely in her bed after being too intoxicated to stand on her own. Because Bigger strives to obey his boss, he feels inclined to personally place Mary in her own room in order to avoid trouble. This shows that Bigger Thomas took Mary to her bedroom with no intention of causing any problems in his new workplace reminding the reader that Bigger is not an evil human being, just a product of his environment. After being in Mary’s bedroom, Bigger decided to overstay his welcome due to his curious arousal with white women. To Bigger’s surprise, â€Å"a hysterical terror seized him† (Wright 85) as Mrs. Dalton makes an appearance in Mary’s bedroom to check on her daughter. Bigger automatically assumed that if he was caught in Mary Dalton’s bedroom at an odd hour of the night he would be immediately fired and accused of raping a white woman that could ruin his already tragic life forever. Due to her blindness, Bigger was not seen immediately, but he realized if Mary kept mumbling, Mrs. Dalton would make her way to the bed and eventually feel Bigger laying next to her. Out of pure fear, Bigger reacts irrationally as he suffocates Mary Dalton with a pillow in order to keep her quiet. Fear is what provoked the irrational response that killed Mary Dalton and turned Bigger Thomas’ life into a series of tragic events. In Malcolm Cowley’s scholarly article, Richard Wright: The Case of Bigger Thomas, he reminds the reader that despite his monstrous actions towards Mary Dalton, he is not the one to be blamed. Cowley makes the point that Bigger, â€Å"has been trained from the beginning to be a bad citizen. He had been taught American ideals of life†¦but had been denied the means of achieving them† (Cowley 113). Cowley’s observation justifies that Bigger reacted as a product of his environment that constantly taught him to be a bad citizen because he had no way to achieve the kind of life he would hope for. This provokes even more tragedy in Bigger’s life. Through the accidental murder of Mary Dalton, a tragic hero arose in the form of Bigger Thomas. This tragic hero was born out of pure fear for the white man, but as the novel progressed, the fear of oppression slowly left the tragic hero as he vows to no longer live in fear. After Bigger Thomas’ accidental murder of Mary Dalton, Bigger’s life turns into a wild goose chase where he is forced to hide out until being caught by Chicago authorities. While awaiting his trial, certain to face death, Bigger meets the man that will defend his case. The defendant Max, a white communist decides to take on Bigger Thomas’ case in order to show white people the oppressive lifestyles black people were forced to survive on every day. At first Bigger was skeptical about a white man volunteering to defend a black man accused of murder and rape. He questioned, â€Å"Why would Max isk that white tide of hate to help him† (Wright 420). He is shocked that a white man would defend a black man out of the goodness of his heart. Max asks Bigger questions that remind Bigger that he is a human being among everyone else despite his race. At this point it does not matter to Bigger if Max saves his life, because Max has made him mature mentally and undergo change. After recounting a conversation where Max asked Bigger questions about what he wanted to do with his future, he expresses to Max, â€Å" (you) asked me questions nobody ever asked me before. You knew that I was a murderer two times over, but you treated me like a human† (Wright 424). After Max assures Bigger that he is a human, Bigger transforms his way of looking at life. Instead of feeling constantly oppressed, Bigger believes that he is a human that deserves a future much like everyone else despite the color of his skin. Instead of accepting his death sentence, Bigger realizes that he has the urge to live his life as a human that possesses the ability to have a future. As Max reassures him, â€Å"you’re human, Bigger† (Wright 424) Bigger comes to a change in his heart. He realizes that the fear he has sustained from the white people that constantly suppress him comes from his own thoughts. He now believes in himself as an individual that no longer lives in fear. Because of this, Bigger is able to accept his death sentence and change his outlook on life. Unfortunately, this change came too late in his existence to matter. Although Bigger loses the battle with life, he ultimately wins the battle with the color of his skin after accepting that he is just as human as Max, his defendant. In James Baldwin’s article, â€Å"Many Thousand Gone- Twentieth Century Interpretations of Native Son,† Baldwin explains his interpretation of Bigger Thomas’ battle within Native son. He explains, â€Å"In this case the force of circumstance is not poverty merely, but color a circumstance which cannot be overcome, against which the protagonist battles for his life and loses† (Baldwin 53). This statement is not accurate considering a battle is not lost. Even though Bigger Thomas is sentenced to death, he is able to end his life with peace of mind knowing that he can die as a human without fear. The change Bigger Thomas has undergone shows that Bigger has overcome his oppression thus winning his battle. After reading Native Son, the protagonist Bigger Thomas resembled another tragic hero from the play, Death of a Salesman. By comparing Willy Loman, the protagonist of Death of a Salesman to Bigger Thomas, one can tell how similar their characters are although they have been created in different time periods and environments. Both Bigger and Willy are lost souls trying to give meaning to their ultimately meaningless lives. As a result of their self made pressure to have a purpose in life, they both are not well liked by their friends. After divulging a plan to rob a store owned by a white person, Bigger gives his friends Gus, G. H. , and Jack strict instructions to meet together at a specific time. When Gus shows up to their meeting spot late, Bigger is outraged. He cusses at his friends and resorts to physical harm due to his anger. While his friends watch Bigger self-destruct into a man of rage, G. H. lets bigger know that, â€Å"You done spoiled things now† (Wright 40). Not only had Bigger spoiled the plan to rob the store, but Bigger had also spoiled his friendships as all three men leave him to wallow in his rage alone. A similar situation occurs in Death of a Salesman as Willy Loman receives a friendly visit with his friend Charley. Since both men were unable to sleep, they decided that a quick game of cards would be a sufficient outlet for their energy. While playing cards, Willy develops a hostile attitude towards Charley and constantly insults him on his choice of eating habits and card playing abilities. After Charley accuses Willy of cheating during their game, Willy evolves into a rage-infested tyrant and orders his friend to leave. Charley retorts, â€Å"You ought to be ashamed of yourself† (Miller 1252) and storms out the door. This instance compares to Bigger Thomas’ uproar with his friends considering both outbursts led to their friends leaving them to wallow in their own anger. In addition to not being well liked, both Willy Loman and Bigger Thomas live in constant fear throughout their stories. As a mediocre salesman, Willy Loman spends his days fearing that he is not successful enough to provide for his family. Because of this looming fear to be successful, Willy often lies to his family about his job in sales to make himself seem far superior to who he really is. For example, while Willy explains to his wife, Linda about the money he has made on one of his sales trips, he exaggerates the amount of money he made. This lie would have been unnoticed if Linda did not ask Willy to pay for the reparations of their leaky roof. When Linda asks him to pay, Willy exclaims, â€Å"A hundred and twenty dollars! My god, if business don’t pick up I don’t know what I’m gonna do† (Miller 1247). The shame Willy feels because he is unable to pay for the roof reparations directly correlates to the constant fear Willy has to become successful for his family. Bigger Thomas is also a character that constantly lives in fear. This fear is shown when Bigger is explaining to his lawyer Max about how whites have all the power and Bigger fears that because of this, his life will not amount to anything. He tells Max, â€Å"Well they own everything. They choke you off the face of the earth, they like god†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wright 353). Since Bigger believes that white people control everything he fears that nothing can be done to make his life meaningful. Both Bigger Thomas and Willy Loman possess similar qualities that show are comparable through their lack of ability to make friends throughout their fear ridden lives. Through Bigger Thomas’ life of oppression, violence, and tragedy, one is able to tell that he struggles with the hopes of becoming anything but a â€Å"nobody. † Being the protagonist of a tragic novel, Bigger possesses the qualities of a tragic hero. Even though his life is cut short due to the tragic accidental murder of Mary Dalton, his boss’ wild daughter, Bigger is able to go through a change that brings him peace of mind as he awaits his sentence to die. Being a product of his environment, Bigger constantly lived in fear of the white man. With the help of his lawyer Max, Bigger was able to undergo change and realize that he too was a human that had no need to live in fear. Drawing from specific scenes from the text, Bigger Thomas can be compared to Willy Loman, the protagonist in the play, Death of a Salesman. Their characters were both inflicted with fear throughout their lives that eventually ended in tragedy for both characters. Works Cited Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman.

Question for IM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Question for IM - Assignment Example Developing and nurturing market in foreign countries takes time. In international marketing, the idea that drives most businesses is based on the premise that it is better to be successful in or two markets rather than spread a company’s resources of human and financial and fail in ten markets. It is difficult for international marketer to identify markets that are successful because of the fact that in every market that an international marketer ventures, there is competition. In addition, it is often difficult for international marketer to choose appropriate market entry since the timing of when to enter the market may be miscalculated. For instance, a company may enter in a foreign market as a first mover; for the first time in that country with goods or services of your company that has merits and demerits. Being a first mover in the market does not guarantee the company success in foreign markets. Furthermore, it is always hard and hectic to start educating the market about your product and developing a strong promotion strategy that suits with the local culture and ensuring that the new product is well established and adapted to local market needs. Additionally, the issue of go home or go big does not have a place in international marketing. Therefore, the scale at which an international marketer decides to enter the market, the scale at which you enter a market and develop a market strategy is about the extent to which the company is willing to comm it in that particular market. Therefore, international marketer finds it hard to determine the scale of entry in that foreign market depending on the company’s ability to commit certain resources in order to develop a suitable market entry

Leadership in context 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership in context 2 - Essay Example The general perspective of leadership focuses on the responsibilities given to both people and their performance. It is believed that moral efficacy helps to determine the reason why a leader acts upon his or her moral judgment while others fail on the same idea. Role of the Leader In Terms of Power and the Opportunity to Abuse their Role According to Hannah (2010) a highly developed moral leader is expected to perform a given task or work in his or her self-concept in order to achieve higher levels of agency in making the right decision. Modern governor’s plays an important role in leadership is concerned with the development of self concept which should be supported by ones knowledge in applying theories like cognitive and emotional. The individual on governors need to lead with a lot of power of their personal strength and charisma. Hannah (2010) argues that the governor has a primary goal of overlapping the powers of the political systems in the states. According to Albert Bandura (2004) social learning theory remains the most influential theories explaining about learning and development in relation to understanding the behaviors of leaders and their followers. The argument is more about the concept and exploration of leadership behaviors, which is perceived by observing other people behavior. Leaders have to set policy making processes in order to rule the state with the legitimacy procedures. The formal powers and the responsibilities assist in strengthening the constitutional rights. The behavioral focus separates social learning theory from the aspects of leadership hence it requires behaviors to be imparted even to leaders in future (Mayo 2007). Coalition Building Power Leaders should be in a position to have a certain character traits of the specific context, which defines an enormous success in an organization. The focus of leadership is based on the situational context by putting more effort on the individual part and CEO in believe that the individual is correct according to the new settings in the organization. The ability to succeed depends on the styles in ones self and the approach to fit in the culture and condition of the organization. State system should have the power to persuade the agreement between the governors and legislators in achieving their goals in building coalition. In order to achieve on the goals, the governor should be in a position to persuade the people towards their opposition. The governors should develop a strong support in the constitution rights to solve the problems like bureaucracy. Governors should have to offer some chances to the other members of the support on the proposed legislation in order to support the political goals. Role of Chief Legislature Context in leadership helps somebody pass through a hard life situations. Governors should have a clear goal to become the nations leading in the creation and innovation of agencies. The vision of leading in an organization determines a lot in solving the problem. A force for change helps in the sustainability leadership which is termed to be relational meaning that something extraordinary is imparted in people (Lynham 2006). Law making process needs to be monitored and evaluated in every organization in order to produce an effective work. Leadership is contextual because it needs somebody to get

Concept of Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concept of Geography - Essay Example The location of place and things is the starting point of geographic study. Location can be described in two different ways: relative and absolute and it commonly answer the question â€Å"where is it†. The absolute location involves the position of events or features in space or it is the identification of place by a precise and accepted system coordinates. It uses some geographical coordinates a good example is 300 North 450 west to show a specific location on the earth’s globe. In relative location descriptive texts are used in describing the position of events and features in relation to other events it can sometimes be referred to the mathematical location. If asked the question to mention the distance and direction of a place from another place, using relative location it would be, it is 40 mile south of town B. According to geography, region is groupings of different geographic information. It can be defined by on e or more distinctive characteristics. Normally, regions are based on the physical features, culture or religion and even political boundaries. A region can either be formal, perceptual or functional. Formal regions can also be referred to as homogenous or uniform regions, places that are homogenous in nature share common traits such as the residence of a country. Functional regions s defined as a region that is held by a focal point an example can be a school district for an elementary school. A vernacular region also known as popular region, it is a region that only exists as a part of an ethnic identity or cultural identity and is not influenced by political boundaries. The third geographic concept is spatial interaction or effect. This is as a result of an event in one region or area that ends up affecting another totally different area and takes a look at the connectivity and relationship of features. Spatial geographic concept can be grouped into diffusion, interaction and distribution. Spatial diffusion is the outward spread of a substance, a concept, a practice or population from its point of origin to other areas. Spatial distribution can be considered as the arrangement of things on the earth’s surface. An example is a change in land use from rural to high density can affect traffic congestion in adjoining areas. To be more specific, a mountain eruption that occurred in the late nineties of Mount Saint Helen affected an area far beyond the volcanic site that was caused by the ash fallout that reached states next to it. Migration can also be considered as a concept in geography. It involves both pull and push factors, all which defines the interrelationship between people or animals and their environment. Push migration factor is caused by negative conditions in a habitat hence causing or impels the decision to migrate from your original habi tat o the new habitat. These factors may include overcrowding, war, famine or